If you don’t know, find out from someone else what a by-election and safe seat is.

1. In March 1962 the Liberals won a by-election in Orpington in Kent, which should have been safe Tory territory. They had also narrowed their majority in Blackpool North the previous day, also a former safe-seat. With the general election coming up in 1964, what might Macmillan do? • If you don’t know, find out from someone else what a by-election and safe seat is. • Selwyn Lloyd was the current chancellor. He had introduced increased taxes on sweets, soft drinks and ice cream, it seemed like he was taxing children’s pocket money. What might Macmillan do with him?

2. What was the ‘Night of the Long Knives’?LO. To learn and assess the causes and consequences of the Night of the Long Knives Why did Butler let it slip? • Think Pair Share • What other events may have caused the ‘Night of the Long Knives’? – you can use pp. 83 to help • A reshuffle had already been planned for the Autumn, however…. • SPARK – BUTLER ‘SLIPPING’ TO PRESS BARON LORD ROTHERMERE WHO OWNED CONSERVATIVE NEWSPAPERS. MACMILLAN WAS CONVINCED SELWYN LLOYD WAS TRYING TO ORGANISE A REBELLION TO GET RID OF HIM – ALTHOUGH SOME THINK THIS IS AN EXCUSE HE CAME UP WITH LATER • 1959 conservatives increased their majority (Conservatives 365, Labour 258, Liberal 6, other 1) • Heathcoat-Amory (Chancellor of the exchequer 1958-1960) wanted to deflate and have a tough budget, Macmillan didn’t, he resigned after run-ins with Macmillan, Macmillan appointed Selwyn Lloyd who was weak and would do what he said, Selwyn Lloyd then wanted austerity measures too) • Wages rose faster than productivity 1960-1962 • Summer 1961 emergency package, purchase tax up, bank rate up, pay freeze in public sector • NEDDY – National Economic Development Council NEDC, set up of 6 trade unionists, 6 industrialists, 2 independents, 6 cabinet ministers. Meetings held about how to sort out the economy by implementing various plans. It failed.

3. What was the ‘Night of the Long Knives’?LO. To consider the causes and consequences of the Night of the Long Knives 1/3 of the cabinet were sacked! Average age went from 59 to 50 – why was this? Think of what else is going on in the early 1960s.

4. What was the ‘Night of the Long Knives’?LO. To learn and assess the causes and consequences of the Night of the Long Knives

5. What was the ‘Night of the Long Knives’?LO. To learn and assess the causes and consequences of the Night of the Long Knives Standard - What were the three main causes of the ‘Night of the Long Knives’? Super – What caused the ‘Night of Standard – What short-term and long-term consequences were there for the Conservatives? Super – What consequences came from the Night of the Long Knives? Hints: When Macmillan appeared next in the house, Selwyn Lloyd was cheered and Macmillan faced silence from his benches and cheers from the opposition. Butler was moved from Home Secretary afterwards to the First Secretary of State and told to oversee the Central African Office (what impact would this have on Macmillan). Now that Macmillan had replaced Lloyd with Maudling, who would do what he wanted, he could push ahead with reflation and move away from austerity – he cut taxes and reduced the bank rate. The support for the Liberals declined and Macmillan regained support as a leader.