World War I

1. World History World War I

2. Causes of WWI • Alliances between nations • Feeling of nationalism • Growth of mass militaries • Russia had 1.3 million military people • Problems in Serbia/Bosnia (Balkans) • Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

3. Alliances before War Triple Alliance (1882) • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy Triple Entente (1907) • France • Great Britain • Russia

5. Militarism • Between 1890-1914 most countries military doubled in size • Russia- 1.3 million • French and Germany- 900,000 each • Britain, Italy, Austria-Hungary-250,000- 500,000 each • Aggressive preparation for war

6. Serbian Problems • Country in E. Europe • History of problems with Ottoman Empire • Austria-Hungary versus Russia domination • Russia wanted to make a huge Serbian country • Austria-Hungary was determined to avoid that from happening

7. Assasination of Archduke • Archduke Francis Ferdinand • June 28, 1914, heir to Austria-Hungary throne killed in Sarajevo, Bosnia • Bosnia, country controlled by Austria-Hungary • Black Hand wanted Bosnia Free.

8. Black Hand • Black Hand- Serbian terrorist organization wanted Bosnia free from Austria-Hungary • Earlier that day a bomb was placed in car • Unsuccessful, shooter was able to kill Archduke and his wife • Gavrilo Princip 19 year old, Bosnian Serb • No direct connection to SERBIA???

9. War Begins • Austria needed back-up (Germany) • But feared Russia’s involvement • Sent an ultimatum to Serbia July 23, 1914 • Extreme demands • July 28 Austria-Hungary declares war • Russia also mobilizes their troops • Germany threatens Russia and declares war on them (Aug 1) • Aug 3- Germany declared war on France • Aug 4- Britain declares war on Germany • Because of Belgium neutrality

10. Propaganda • ideas spread by government to influence people about the war

11. Change of Mind • May 1915- Italy began attacking Austria • Betrayed their Triple Alliance (Central Powers) • Joined the Triple Entente AKA Allied Powers

12. War Strategies • Two Front war • West – trench warfare, longer warfare • East- mobile, more casualties • Trench warfare- shelter dug for protection

13. Trench

14. United States & Lusitania • Neutral since war began • U.S. President- Woodrow Wilson • May 7, 1915- British civilian ship “Lusitania” was sunk by German forces • 100 Americans died because of unrestricted submarine warfare • Entered war in April 1917 • Money • Supplies • Psychological boost

15. World War • Affect everyone in the world • People were moving all around the world • Governments enforce law • Rationing of food and supplies • Price increase • Wage increase • Regulated imports and exports

16. Women in WWI • Created new roles for women • Women were asked to take jobs that men left behind • Beginning of the women’s movement • Right to vote • Once war was over, women had to go back to what they were doing

17. Russian Revolution • Was not prepared for what happened • No good leader • 1914-1916 about 2 million soldiers were killed • They lost their reason to fight • Their Czar, Nicolas II, was at war, his wife made decisions • 1917- women started striking “peace and bread” • Nicholas was ordered to step down

18. Russian Revolution • New government was created • People mostly wanted to stop fighting in war • Had challenges with the soviets, representatives of workers & soldiers • Made up of socialists • One group was the Bolsheviks • Leader Vladimir Ulianov AKA V.I. Lenin • Dedicated to a violent revolution • 1917 came to seize power from new gov’t

19. Lenin • Helped the Bolsheviks gain control of Russia • Gave promises to peasants of land • “Peace, Land, Bread”

20. Bolsheviks Seize Power • Had a lot of supporters • Dedicated leaders, Lenin and Leon Trotsky • Nov 6, 1917, they went in Winter Palace and took over • Bolsheviks named themselves Communists • Loss territory • Civil War erupted in Russia • Many people opposed the Bolsheviks, including the Allies who sent troops in. • They sent aid to anti-communist forces

21. Red versus White • Red-Communist army • Well-disciplined fighting force • White- Anti-communist army • Fighting occurred between 1918-1921 • Red Army is victorious • Due to Leon Trotsky, insisted rigid discipline • If you disobeyed you were SHOT on the spot • 1921- communist in control of Russia • Hostile to the Allied powers

22. Heading towards the End • 1917- was the year the Central Power looked at its best • Russia withdrew from war • Until U.S. entered it helped the allies • 1918 a million American soldiers came into France to move into Germany • German government was under pressure by its people and soldiers • November 11, 1918 signed an armistice • End of war

23. Germany and Austria-Hungary • Communism: government controls MOST of the ECONOMY (Banks, industries, farming) • Communist movements started in Germany • Austria-Hungary also saw revolution • Made up of different ethnic groups seeking independence • Independent Nations • Austria • Hungary • Czechoslovakia • Yugoslavia

24. Peace Settlements • Jan 1919, members from Allied nations met in Paris to make a final settlement • Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Countries wanted Germany to repay costs for the war • League of Nations- an international peacekeeping organization • Treaty of Versailles- June 28, 1919 • Germany & Austria was responsible for war (GUILTY) • Reduce army and eliminate air force • New Countries formed

26. World War I • Death of almost 10 million people • Was a total world war • Power of government over the lives of people increased • Freedom of press and speech were limited • Beginning of women’s rights • Opened doors for other insecurities • Revolutions broke out and created new empires