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CHAPTER 18 Social Change And Modernization

CHAPTER 18 Social Change And Modernization. Section 1: Explaining Social Change Section 2: Modernization. Section 1: Explaining Social Change. Objectives:. Summarize the theories that social scientists have offered to explain the process of social change.

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CHAPTER 18 Social Change And Modernization

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  1. CHAPTER 18Social Change And Modernization Section 1: Explaining Social Change Section 2: Modernization

  2. Section 1: Explaining Social Change Objectives: • Summarize the theories that social scientists have offered to explain the process of social change. • Explain how the theories on social change have evolved.

  3. Section 1: Explaining Social Change Theories of Social Change • Cyclical • Spengler – four stages: childhood, youth, adulthood, old age • Sorokin – fluctuation between ideational culture (spiritual) and sensate culture (scientific) with idealistic culture in the middle

  4. Section 1: Explaining Social Change Theories Of Social Change (continued) • Evolutionary • early – the progress through distinct stages toward complexity • modern – tendency to go along many paths toward increasing complexity

  5. Section 1: Explaining Social Change Theories Of Social Change (continued) • Equilibrium • Parsons – occurs as society adapts to maintain stability after a change in one area; involves differentiation and integration

  6. Section 1: Explaining Social Change Theories Of Social Change (continued) • Conflict • Marx – results from class conflict and revolution • Dahrendorf – results from social conflicts of all forms

  7. Section 1: Explaining Social Change How Theories of Social Change Evolved • Older theories focused more on describing social change and suggested that all societies follow similar patterns of development • Modern theories provide for different patterns of development and focus more on why societies change

  8. Section 2: Modernization Objectives: • Contrast the views of modernization theory and world-system theory on modernization in less-developed nations. • Identify some of the positive and negative effects of modernization on social life and the natural environment.

  9. Section 2: Modernization Modernization Theory Versus the World-System Theory • Modernization theory – argues that less-developed countries will eventually modernize • World-systemstheory– argues that the concentration of wealth and power in core nations slows modernization in less-developed countries

  10. Section 2: Modernization Positive Effects of Modernization • Improved standard of living • Longer life expectancies • Lower birthrates • Higher rates of literacy • Decrease in economic and social inequality • More personal comforts • Improved infrastructure • Electricity and communication technology • Establishment of educational institutions

  11. Section 2: Modernization Negative Effects of Modernization • Loss of some traditional authority for the family and religion • Weaker social relationships and increased feelings of social isolation • Moral and ethical questions • Some environmental problems • Some health problems

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