Bell Ringer : Match the advantages to the appropriate side

1. Bell Ringer: Match the advantages to the appropriate side

2. Objectives: • Students will review the beginning events of the Civil War • Students will understand the significance of key events and battles in the Civil War • Students will complete a graphic organizer on the Civil War using their notes

3. Characteristics of the North • Nickname: Union or Yankees • Uniform Color: Blue • Reasons for Fighting: • End slavery • Preserve the power of the nation/union

4. Advantages of the North • Larger population • Banks/money • Industry • Railroads • Established military • Established central government

5. North: Key Generals • George McClellan 3) Ambrose Burnside 3) Ulysses S. Grant 2) Roger Sherman

6. Characteristics of the South • Nickname: Confederates • Uniform Color: Grey • Reasons for fighting: • Defend slavery • Defend states’ rights • Protect homes

7. Advantages of the South • Fighting on home turf • Had a cause to fight for • Strong military leaders (Robert E. Lee) • Knew how to ride horses and use firearms • Possibility of foreign aid (Cotton diplomacy)

8. South: Key Generals 6) James Ewell Brown “JEB” Stuart 3) James Longstreet 2) Robert E. Lee • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson 4) George Pickett 5) Ambrose P. Hill

9. The Civil War Begins • 1) Fort Sumter (April 1861) – First shots fired in the Civil War in South Carolina • Confederates capture fort • Virginia secedes 5 days later; splits into two states as a result • Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina follow VA soon after

11. To secede or not to secede…. • Southern states that seceded from the Union: • South Carolina • Mississippi • Florida • Alabama • Georgia • Louisiana • Tennessee • Texas • Virginia

12. To secede or not to secede…. • Border states that still practiced slavery but that remained in the Union: • Delaware • Kentucky • Missouri • Maryland

13. To secede or not to secede…. • MI • MN • NH • NJ • NY • OH • OR • PA • RI • VT • WV • WI • Free states: • CA • CT • IL • IN • IA • KS • ME • MA

14. Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan 1) Two-pronged blockade of Confederacy by cutting off the Atlantic and Gulf ports 2) Sent naval gunboats down Mississippi River to capture New Orleans • This would cut off the south geographically and economically

15. Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan 3) Armies would then capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia -The issue was the Southern coastline; was difficult to navigate and had 180 ports – the Union navy had few ships to spare -Plan was approved by Lincoln but was unsuccessful

17. Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) • Virginia, 1861: First major battle of the war; Confederate victory • Unionsoldiers march from Washington D.C. towards Richmond • They are cut off by Confederates and retreat towards D.C.

20. Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) • Before this point, Northerners assumed it would be a quick battle; picnickers gathered at the battle site • Outcome: After the battle, both the North and South soon realized this would be a long and bloody war

21. Battle of Antietam • Maryland, 1862: Lee invades the North in an attempt to surprise Washington D.C. • His plans are intercepted by Union troops under General McClellan • Battle is a standoff, but the South retreat (therefore counting it as a Union victory)

24. Battle of Antietam Outcome: • Is considered the bloodiest single day of the Civil War (26,000 + casualties) • Gives Lincoln opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

26. Emancipation Proclamation • Issued by Lincoln after Union victory at Antietam • Abolished slavery in every Confederate state; however it freed only the slaves in rebellion states • Allowed black soldiers to enlist in the Union army • Gave the North a ‘human cause’ to fight for

29. Battle of Gettysburg • Pennsylvania, 1863: • Lee attempts a second invasion into the North to get the fighting out of Virginia • The North under Meade defeats Lee to gain a Union victory • Is the bloodiest battle of the war (48,000 dead in 3-day battle) • South surrenders after fighting an uphill battle

33. Battle of Gettysburg Outcomes: • Is the turning point of the war- started a winning streak for the North • Last attempt by the South to attack the North (crippled the South significantly) • Foreign aid will not be given to the South

34. Gettysburg Address • Issued by Lincoln following the Battle of Gettysburg • Described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation dedicated to the idea that “all men are created equal” • America was “one nation”, not a collection of sovereign states

35. Battle of Vicksburg • Mississippi, 1863: • Grant attempts to cut the South in half by capturing the Mississippi River • Attacks the southern city for 7 weeks • The fall of Vicksburg was said to have “broken the backbone of the South”

37. Battle of the Ironclads: The Monitor and the Merrimac

38. Battle of Vicksburg Outcomes: • Starving people of Vicksburg surrender; South is divided • Union forces controlled the Mississippi River • Morale boost for the Union • Ulysses S. Grant proved his worth as a Union general

39. Cold Harbor • Virginia, 1864: Grant attempts to march on Richmond • Lee stopped Grant, but the battle became the bloodiest hour of the war • 7,000 men died in an hour Outcomes: • Technology outpaced tactics; weapons became too efficient for the method of fighting

41. Sherman’s March • General Sherman leads a 60 mile march from Atlanta, GA, to Savannah, GA • Destroys railroad tracks and cuts the South off from receiving supplies • Ends up burning down the city of Atlanta to the ground • Path of destruction left behind devastates the South

42. Appomattox Courthouse • Virginia, 1865: • Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant • Signals the end of the Civil War • Lee urges Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans • Grant urged the North not to be harsh with former Confederates

43. Effects of the war: • War was literally fought “brother against brother” • Family members often fought against each other, as well as friends vs. friends • Disease was as much of a killer as was actual fighting • Combat was brutal and often man-to-man