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Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics

Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics. Routes of drug administration – Getting the drugs in. The time course of drug blood level depends on route of administration. Method of Administration Affects Blood Concentration. Administration of nicotine by smoking or chewing.

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Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics

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  1. Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics

  2. Routes of drug administration – Getting the drugs in

  3. The time course of drug blood level depends on route of administration

  4. Method of Administration Affects Blood Concentration Administration of nicotine by smoking or chewing

  5. Absorption and Distribution Characteristics that will affect absorption: Lipid/water-solubility

  6. Absorption and Distribution Characteristics that will affect absorption: Lipid/water-solubility Morphine Heroin HO HO http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/drugs/gifs/heroin.gif

  7. Absorption and Distribution • Characteristics that will affect absorption: Ionization

  8. Absorption and Distribution Characteristics that will affect absorption: Blood-brain barrier

  9. Binding • Drug depots:

  10. Binding Receptors

  11. Metabolism Metabolism: enzyme induction enzyme inhibition drug competition individual differences

  12. Two genetic populations for isoniazid metabolism

  13. Metabolism

  14. The Life of a Drug in the Body • Route of administration (getting it in) • Absorption/ Distribution (getting to the brain) • Binding • Metabolism/Deactivation • Excretion (getting rid of it)

  15. Dose–response curve

  16. Dose–response curves for four analgesic agents

  17. Comparison effects of a drug

  18. Effects of Repeated Drug Use • Tolerance: • Is reversible • Not all drug effects show equal tolerance • Types of tolerance • Disposition • Pharmocodynamic • Behavioral

  19. Effects of Repeated Drug Use • Sensitization

  20. Therapeutic effects • Side effects • Specific drug effects • Nonspecific drug effects

  21. Box 4.2 Drug Development and Testing

  22. Box 1.3 Drug Categories

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