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Accidentals

Accidentals. Classical Voice Conservatory- Theory I. Review: Half Steps and Whole Steps. Review: Half Steps and Whole Steps. Before we can proceed with accidentals, we must first recall half steps and whole steps.

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Accidentals

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  1. Accidentals Classical Voice Conservatory- Theory I

  2. Review: Half Steps and Whole Steps

  3. Review: Half Steps and Whole Steps • Before we can proceed with accidentals, we must first recall half steps and whole steps. • In reference to the keyboard, a whole step (or whole tone) is the distance from one key to the next key, with a key in between. Key in between whole step key in between key in between

  4. Review: Half Steps and Whole Steps • A Half Step (or semi tone) is the distance from one key to the very very next, with NO KEY in between.

  5. Now that we have refreshed our memory, we can now talk about accidentals. Yay! :D

  6. Accidentals The Sharp

  7. The Sharp- Symbol • A sharp sign looks like a twitter hashtag. But it’s not used for social media.

  8. Sharp Sign: What it Means • When you see a sharp sign attached to a note, this indicates that you are to play/sing the note a HALF STEP HIGHER! • Please note that it’s a half step higher, NOT a whole step higher. F sharp :D

  9. So instead of playing or singing this: • You play/sing this: Half step higher: F# Regular F: F natural

  10. Placement • When you write a note with a sharp sign, YOU MUST PLACE IT TO THE LEFT OF THE NOTE ON THE STAFF! (Actually this rule applies to all accidentals.) On the left side! Always!!

  11. Drawing the Sharp Sign • There is a right and a wrong way to draw a sharp sign!

  12. The Right Way • If the note is a space note, the center of the sharp sign must be in the same space as the note head! • If the note is a line note, the center of the sharp sign must be on the same line as the note head! center is on same space as note head

  13. Sharp Signs as Applied to Music Reading

  14. The Rules • The first thing you must note is that a measure is everything that is in between two bar lines. The barlines act as a kind of border between measures.

  15. A sharp sign will last for an entire measure. Occurs before the sharp sign, so is not sharp. Rules go into effect. This C is still sharp, as well as the one after.

  16. Once the music passes a barline, the sharp sign is cancelled. If you want that note to be sharp again, you must place another sharp sign on that note. You will have to do this for every measure. Sharp sign is placed again. Barline: sharp no longer in effect

  17. Please also note that sharp signs do not apply to notes of different octaves. • For instance, if you have middle C as a sharp note, followed by a C an octave higher, the sharp only applies to all middle C’s in that measure. • If you want the C that’s an octave higher to be sharp, you will have to label that with a sharp sign as well. This applies to all clefs. Now it’s sharp! Not sharp- different octave so sharp sign does not apply. Sharp because of the sharp sign.

  18. Accidentals The Natural Sign

  19. Cancelling sharps • If you have two notes that are exactly the same, and the first one has a sharp sign, but you don’t want the second one to be sharp, you have to cancel it out with a natural sign.

  20. The natural sign • The natural sign will indicate to sing or play that note in its original state. So C# becomes regular ol’ C again. Natural sign cancels sharp in same measure. Sharp lasts whole measure

  21. How to Draw a Natural • The square part must be on the same line or space as the note it’s attached to. Stem Fail Round 2! Notice how the line cuts through the natural sign, right through the center. The square fits neatly in the space.

  22. Accidentals Flat Sign

  23. The Flat Sign • The flat sign is another accidental symbol- it basically looks like a squished “b.”

  24. How to Draw a Flat • The round part must be on the line or space of the note it’s raising. Stem Fail! This is wrong! On the line! In the space! :D

  25. The flat sign functions similarly to the sharp sign, but instead of raising the note a half step, the note is lowered a half step. • The flat sign is also going to be placed on the left side or in front of the note. • Please note that all accidental signs – sharp, flat and natural- will always be placed on the left side of the note.

  26. So instead of playing/singing this: • You play/sing this: Down a half step: G flat! Just G

  27. The rules that the sharp sign follows are exactly the same as the rules the flat sign follows. Still E flat because flat sign lasts through the entire measure!

  28. And just like the sharp sign, if you wish to return the note to its original state, you must use a natural sign to cancel it out. Sorry it’s ugly but that’s supposed to be a natural sign. Natural sign makes E flat E natural, so you play/sing up a half step.

  29. Accidentals Observations in Sight Reading

  30. Good to Know • In terms of half steps and whole steps, these are the distances between notes that have this accidentals. Half Step Half Step Whole Step

  31. So when you see a note that is flat, followed by a note with a sharp that is a step up, you will probably sing a whole step. Not all the time, but sometimes. • It’s situational- this will be elaborated on later. :D

  32. Accidentals Unusual Circumstances

  33. In order for us to understand some more unusual musical circumstances concerning accidentals, we must first understand what a TIE is.

  34. The Tie • A TIE is a curved symbol that looks like a very boring rainbow. • In order to be defined as a tie, this symbol must connect two successive notes that occupy the same line or space, as seen in the example below. • There can be no notes between them. Tie

  35. A tie is sort of a musical addition sign: it connects two notes together and adds their values together. • For example: How many beats is this worth in total?

  36. Which actually Brings Me to my Next Point….. Can you name this note?

  37. If you guessed G natural, you are WRONG!!!! • Because the G in the second measure is tied to a G# in the first measure, the second G is still sharp!!! This sharp sign makes this note G#..... Which makes this G# also! This tie connects the G# to the G in the next measure…

  38. Now take a look at this musical example. I have added accidentals. What about this one? Is this note sharp?

  39. If you answered yes to both questions, you are CORRECT!!! Huzzah! :D • Because the sharp was carried over into the second measure by the tie, the accidental rules came into effect: Since the first note of the second measure is raised a half step, the same note must be raised for the rest of the measure unless cancelled by a natural sign.

  40. If we were to add a natural sign on the note on beat 4 of the second measure, then that note as well as the one it’s tied to will be performed as C Natural. Natural carries over to next measure because of tie. Still C# and therefore other C’s in this space are #! Natural sign cancels sharp so it’s just C.

  41. Questions • I think at this point I covered everything, so if you have any questions, now is the time to ask! :D

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