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Kosovo

Kosovo. Akane Wang Shiou An liang Emiri mizuo. KOSOVO FACTS: Capital – Pristina Ethnic C omposition – 92% Albanians 8% Sebs , Bosniaks, Gorani, Roma, Turks, Ashkali, Balkan Egyptians Official Languages – Albanian Serbian. Post World War 2. SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC. LDK & RUGOVA.

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Kosovo

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  1. Kosovo Akane Wang Shiou An liangEmirimizuo

  2. KOSOVO FACTS: • Capital – Pristina • Ethnic Composition – • 92% Albanians • 8% Sebs, Bosniaks, Gorani, Roma, Turks, Ashkali, Balkan Egyptians • Official Languages – • Albanian • Serbian

  3. Post World War 2

  4. SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC

  5. LDK & RUGOVA LDK led by Rugova: appealing to the international community through NON-VIOLENT acts • BUT Rugova’s non violent policies FAILED to win recognition at the Dayton Agreement

  6. Kosovo liberation army (kla)

  7. The Beginning • Turning Point!  March 5th1998, KLA Launched attack at DrenicaValley. 1998 March Clinton Administration: “we believe that in 1991, the international community stood by and watched ethnic cleansing in Bosnia.. We don’t want that to happen again this time”

  8. Reaction of Security Council • UNSC resolution 1160: • CHAPTER VII: “Threat to international peace and security”

  9. NATO Reaction • Turning Point! Serbian attack on Decani (May 1998) • -100,000 refugees fleeing Decani shocked Blair Administration • NATO: difficulties of going in • Do not want to support KLA’s attack against the Serbs • The scale of Serbian counterattack was too big • Will have to act without explicit SC authorization

  10. UN Resolution 1199 (September1998) • Demanded a FRY and KLA ceasefire • Legally binding under Chapter 7 • not backed with military actions or sanctions

  11. NATO Activation

  12. October Agreement

  13. Resolution 1203: demanded FRY to comply with the previous resolution and cooperate with the NATO and OSCE verification mission

  14. Rambouillet and Paris Negotiation’s failure • Turning Point! : • KLAcontinued to attack, massacre of Racak • (January 15, 1999) • Rambouillet talk: failed • A three-year transitional period • Substantial autonomy, own police force, jurisdiction, and assembly. • Limited FRY security and NATO led international force. • Paris talk: failed

  15. NATO Action

  16. NATOAirstrike: Four Justification

  17. 2 Main Reason of UsingAir Force

  18. But….

  19. End of War • June 3rd EU-Russia Peace plan implemented • 3 reasons: • Terms: withdraw of all Serb forces; deployment of NATO led multinational force KFOR.

  20. NATO Action – Fail Points • 1. Prevention is better than solution • 2. Negotiated with FRY with unacceptable terms • 3. The choice of means • 4. Failed to protect Serbians in Kosovo after the war

  21. Current Situation

  22. Evaluation 5 4 3 2 4 5 1 2 • Supreme humanitarian emergency • Necessity/ Last resort • Positive humanitarian outcome • Proportionality • Humanitarian Motive • Humanitarian justification • Legality • Selectivity

  23. References

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