2011 Census: Updated Content for England & Wales

1. 2011 Census: Updated view on content for England & Wales Office for National Statistics March 2007

2. Purpose • Share current thinking on likely content of the 2011 Census questionnaire • Provide update on development of ethnicity, identity, language & religion questions • Provide the opportunity to comment • NB: Presentation covers Census in England & Wales

3. Agenda • 10.00 Introduction • 10.10 Background – work done so far • 10.35 Population issues • 11.00 Likely content – household questions • 11.20 Likely content – individual questions • 11.50 Panel discussion • 12.20 Way forward • 12.30 Lunch • 13.30 Ethnicity, identity, language and religion

4. Census provides statistics on: • Population units: • people and housing & • key demographics (age, sex, marital status, ethnicity) • Population structures: • households, families • More detailed characteristics : • eg religion, labour market status, industry, qualifications, health/disability; etc • Key requirement to ‘Get the Count Right’ • 2011 Census aim : “maximise overall response rates and minimise non-response in specific areas and among particular population subgroups”

5. Key lessons from 2001 Census • Need to gather information on more than just usual residents • Include visitors • Need to know response rates quickly • Better management control of the field operation • Focus more effort in hardest to count areas • Need to understand coverage • Comparisons census vs admin data • Addresses & occupancy status

6. Background Elizabeth McLaren

7. Overview • Work done so far- 2005 consultation- evaluation of submissions- topic groups- question testing- other consultation • Current working assumptions • Questionnaire design constraints • Timetable

8. Work done so far – 2005 consultation • Over 2000 responses from 500 users • Prioritised topics based on: • Strength of user need • Do alternative sources exist? • Could we develop a workable question? • Would public accept question? • Continuity from previous census • Allocation of topics to one of three categories

9. Evaluation of topics

10. Summary of user requirements • Most 2001 topics • New topics including:- income- language- second residences- national identity • Difficult trade-offs to be made

11. Work done so far – topic groups • Eight topic groups- Population definitions & bases- Ethnicity, identity, language & religion- Labour Market, NS-SEC & qualifications- Migration- Income- Health & care- Housing- Demographics • Membership- Census- ONS business areas (DfES for qualifications)- Methodology- Harmonisation- Wales, Northern Ireland & Scotland

12. Work done so far • Topic-specific consultation completed/underway- targeted- working groups • Question development and testing - new questions developed for Test • Seeking comment from Census advisory groups • Consulting other groups eg statistical Heads of Profession in government departments

13. Current working assumptions • 24 pages (20 pages in 2001) • 6 people per questionnaire (5 people in 2001)

14. Current working assumptions • 3 pages of individual questions per person (as in 2001) • 4 pages of individual questions only possible if funding secured and impact on response rates expected to be minimal • 2-column layout • Assumptions on length of questions based on testing completed so far

15. Questionnaire design constraints • Public acceptability of questions • Respondent burden • Quality of information that can be collected • Costs eg printing • Time eg processing • Scanning limitations

16. Timetable

17. Questions/Comments • Any questions or comments?

18. Population Issues Beth Moon

19. Overview • What are some of the main issues with getting the population count right? • Who are some of the difficult to count groups? • Resident visitors • People with multiple residences • Short-term migrants (including migrant workers) • What information needs to be collected to include and identify these groups?

20. Population issues Key aim of the Census is to provide a robust estimate of the population Society is becoming increasingly complex More information may be needed to identify all sub-groups of the population In 2001, there was a difference between the Census count and rolled forward population estimates

21. 2011 Population Base • Agreed population base for 2011 is usual residents plus visitors • Usual Resident – someone who spends the majority of their time residing at that address • Visitor - a person staying overnight at an address on Census night at which they are not usually resident

22. Visitors • Three types of visitor • Usual address elsewhere in the UK • Usual address abroad • No usual address • Planning to collect basic demographic information • To help with coverage assessment

23. Resident visitors • Usual resident in the UK • No usual address in the UK • eg ‘sofa surfers’ • eg sold a house and not bought another • Requirement to collect full Census return • must not be recorded as a visitor • May need to be separately identified

24. Second residences • An address where someone stays for part of the week or year that is not their usual residence • More people have more than one residence • eg residence used while working away from home • eg holiday or weekend home • Potential to be: • Counted at both (or more than two) • Missed at both • Ideally want to know • Second address - so that we can match • Why they spend time there or length of time at each

25. Short-term migrants • Many short-term migrants in the UK who stay or intend to stay for short periods ie 3 – 12 months - Using services and may be working • Increasing requirement to collect information from these people • Census uses 6 month UK residence definition • Population estimates use 12 month UK residence definition

26. Short-term migrants • To identify short-term migrants and understand differences, ideally want to know • Year/month of arrival in UK • Anticipated total duration of stay • Recognised difficulties asking about intentions on a self-completion questionnaire • Questions are being considered for the Census but further research is required

27. Short-term migrant workers • Requirement to collect additional information about people from overseas who are living and working in UK • group is large and growing importance in contribution to UK economy • Assist in reducing the undercount of jobs in Census and Labour Force Survey (LFS) compared to ONS Business surveys. • Ideally, this would include all people working regardless of length of stay

28. Summary • Difficult to count groups need to be included and identified in the 2011 Census • Collecting extra information in 2011 may help to minimise and explain differences between Census count and rolled forward population estimates

29. Summary • Identifying these groups may add complexity to the Census questionnaire • May confuse the majority of the population • Will reduce the number of questions we can ask on population characteristics • Work is underway to explore these issues and understand what is possible in the Census

30. Questions/Comments • Any questions or comments?

31. Proposed questionnaire content- Household questions Jenni Merritt

32. Overview • General outline of household questions/formation of ONS Housing Topic Group • Household and family Relationships • Relationship Matrix • Household questions • Category 1 – likely to be included in 2011 Census • Category 2 – under consideration • Category 3 – will not be included

33. Household Questions • Working assumption of one page • Less pressure for space than individual questions • ONS Housing Topic Group • User requirements for housing questions

34. Household & family relationships – Relationship matrix

35. Household & family relationships – Likely to be included • Relationship Matrix • UNECE’s recommended method of data collection • Additional Categories for 2011 • Step-brother or step-sister • Same-sex civil partner • Further research to be conducted

36. Housing questions - Likely to be included • Accommodation type • Inclusion of ‘linked by garage’ • Household tenure • Type of landlord • Self-contained accommodation • Assesses counts of dwelling and overcrowding • Number of rooms/bedrooms

37. Housing questions – Under consideration • Central heating • Measure of housing quality and deprivation • 8.5% ‘no’ responses in 2001 • State of repairs • Additional measure of housing quality • Number of vehicles • Informs transport planning

38. Household question – Under consideration • Telephone number • Enable follow up of partial responses • To be tested in 2007 Test • Inclusion dependent upon outcome of test

39. How are we taking this forward? • Further consultation with users on their requirements • Outcome and analysis of 2007 Test • State of repairs question • Review of alternative sources available • English House Condition Survey • General Household Survey • Integrated Household Survey (2008)

40. Housing questions – Not included Topics from 2001 • Access to bath/shower and toilet • Measure of deprivation? • 2001 findings – 0.5% no access • Lowest floor level • Asked first time in 2001, no plans to include for 2011 • Accommodation on more than one floor • Asked by NISRA in 2001, no plans to include for 2011

41. Housing questions – Not included New Topics • Internet access • Rapidly changing • Decrease in utility of outputs • Garden access • Pet ownership • Smoke alarms • Renewable energy sources • User need not high enough to justify inclusion

42. Questions/Comments • Any questions or comments?

43. Proposed questionnaire content- Individual questions Peter Stokes

44. Overview • Factors considered • Topics likely to be included • Requirement for information • Topics under consideration • Competing requirements • Additional work planned • Topics unlikely to be included • Reasons for exclusion

45. Factors considered • Support main objectives of Census • Maximise overall response rates and minimise differences across areas / population groups • Understand and explain differences between Census and Mid-Year Population estimates • Meet strongest user requirements • Government resource allocation / Policy development • Continuity with existing Census information

46. Individual questions - Likely to be included • Basic demographics • Name • Sex • Date of Birth • Marital/Civil Partnership status • Other basic information • Student status • Term-time address

47. Individual questions - Likely to be included • Migration • Country of birth • Asked since 1841 • Stock of migrants • Address one year ago • Asked since 1961 • Measures internal & international migration

48. Individual questions - Likely to be included • Ethnicity, Identity, Language & Religion • Ethnic group • Asked since 1991 • Most requested topic • National identity • New topic • Complement ethnic group question • Welsh language proficiency • Asked since 1891 – in Wales only • Policy development and resource allocation • Religion • Asked since 2001 – voluntary question • Resource allocation

49. Individual questions - Likely to be included • Health and care • Health status • Asked since 2001 • Strong predictor of use of health services • Long-term illness / disability • Asked since 1991 • Policy development and resource allocation

50. Individual questions - Likely to be included • NS-SEC • Occupation • Asked since 1831 • Required for NS-SEC and widely used separately • Self-employed or employee • Asked since 1851 • Required for NS-SEC and used separately • Supervisor status • Asked since 1851 • Required for NS-SEC only • Ever worked • Asked since 2001 • Routes ‘never worked’ away from NS-SEC