1 / 11

The Octet Rule

The Octet Rule. Noble Gases: the happiest elements. Happy atoms have a full outer energy level of electrons. They rarely combine with other elements. Nonreactivity is why they are called noble or inert. Octet Rule. An octet is 8 valence electrons

jera
Télécharger la présentation

The Octet Rule

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Octet Rule

  2. Noble Gases: the happiest elements • Happy atoms have a full outer energy level of electrons. • They rarely combine with other elements. • Nonreactivity is why they are called noble or inert.

  3. Octet Rule An octet is 8 valence electrons • is associated with the stability of the noble gases (does not occur with He; He is stable with 2 valence electrons) Valence Electrons He 2 Ne 8 Ar8 Kr8 In order to achieve an octet, elements will form ions.

  4. Metals want to be happy. Metals form cations • by losing their valence electrons • resemble the nearest noble gas • have fewer electrons than protons Group 1 metals ion 1+ Group 2 metals ion 2+ Group 3 metals ion 3+

  5. Formation of a Sodium Ion, Na+ Sodium achieves an octet by losing its one valence electron.

  6. Charge of Sodium Ion, Na+ With the loss of its valence electron, a sodium ion has a 1+ charge. Sodium atom Sodium ion 11p+ 11p+ 11e–10e– 0 1 +

  7. Formation of Magnesium Ion, Mg2+ Magnesium achieves an octet by losing its two valence electrons.

  8. Charge of Magnesium Ion, Mg2+ With the loss of two valence electrons magnesium forms a positive ion with a 2+ charge. Mg atom Mg2+ ion 12p+ 12p+ 12e–10e– 0 2+

  9. Nonmetals want to be happy too. Nonmetals form anions • gain electrons • have more electrons than protons • form negatively charged ions with 3–, 2–, or 1– charges

  10. Formation of a Chloride Ion, Cl– Chlorine achieves an octet by adding an electron to its valence electrons.

  11. Charge of a Chloride Ion, Cl– • By gaining one electron, the chloride ion has a –1 charge. Chlorine atom Chloride ion 17p+17p+ 17e–18e– 0 1–

More Related