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2. Passage A Passage B Return to Menu

3. Passage B • Think About It • Read About It

4. Try to describe the pictures to your classmates.

5. 1. Do you think Chinese English should be accepted as a variety of English? Why or why not? Reference: Probably not. Since Chinese English is thought to be the use of English in a Chinese way and it will not be accepted widely by the world.

6. 2. What kind of English do you think Chinese English is? Reference: “Have you had your dinner?” used as a greeting is typical of Chinese English.

7. 3. What can you predict about the passage from the title “Could ‘Japanglish’ be a legitimate language”? Reference: From the title, we can predict that the passage is about whether Japanese English can be accepted as a variety of English.

8. Read About It • Language Points • Content Awareness • Language Focus • Reading Skill Practice • Translating Skill Practice

9. “We wish all the time to be able to provide you fresh bread and to propose you a joy of eating life with bread,”says the sign in my local bakery. “Especially, we want to be a host at dinner of your kitchen We are waiting for you with various kinds of bread, cakes and sandwiches.” The general meaning is clear, but could it ever be considered correct English? Yes, according to an American academic in Japan, who says that “Japanese English” has as much claim to legitimacy as the English spoken in, for example, India, Jamaica and the Philippines. Could ‘Japanglish’ Be a Legitimate Language?

10. Marshall Childs, who has a doctorate in education, believes that Japanese students should ignore the “snobbery” of British and American English and speak the language in a way that suits them, even if that means breaking the accepted rules of grammar, pronunciation and sentence structure. But his championing of “Japlish”, also known here as “Japanglish,” has infuriated some of his colleagues and led to a lively spat in the columns of Japan’s English language newspaper, the Daily Yomiuri. Mr. Childs, who is academic dean of an international college in Japan, says the blend of two languages is acceptable because it makes English comprehensible to the Japanese ear.

11. "Creative syntax is the hallmark of Japanese English. The result is a waker-upper for those who expect standard syntax, but the meaning is usually perfectly comprehensible, perhaps because it follows a natural flow of thoughts. “If we (native English speakers) feel prejudice against Japanese English, that is our problem, not a Japanese problem.” A resident of Japan for 16 years, Mr. Childs criticizes English language schools which “shame” their students into signing up for lessons in “correct” English. “I know one student who, after 15 years of English study, faithfully accepted the word of a new teacher that she had to

12. relearn pronunciation from the ground up, this time learning it ‘properly’ in British English. “That experience set her back several years and several million yen. Most students do not need high-prestige accents; they need to develop smooth habits of hearing and speaking. These habits are much more easily developed if the variety of English is congenial to the learner.” Mr. Childs adds: “The sheer exuberance of popular uses of Japanese English is admirable and should be encouraged, not condemned.” “In school, students are rightly bored with the ‘correct’

13. English that does not touch their lives.” Fluency in standard British or American English, he suggests, should be left to specialists in literature, the performing arts, interpreting and international negotiation. Nonsense, retorts fellow American academic Daniel Webster, who says Mr. Childs is doing Japanese students of English a disservice by telling them something is right when it is simply wrong. “People in Asia and the Caribbean who speak those other kinds of English to which Childs compares Japanese English can and do converse fluently in them, with each other and with foreigners”, says Mr. Webster, a visiting instructor in the English department of Waseda University in Tokyo. “They can also understand English-language movies without subtitles, and the educated among them can

14. understand Henry James. Some of these latter can even write in an English that is of the highest literary quality. “None of the above is true of those who use 'Japanglish'. In fact, I can assure Childs that the only place where this Japanese-English exists as a real medium for more than the most rudimentary kind of communication is in households where one, or some, of the members is a native-speaker of Japanese and the other, or the others, is not. “It will never extend beyond these homes. Outside of those individual houses and apartments, the Japanese-English Childs admires so much is just a lot of gobbledegook. And that's exactly what it will always be,” Mr. Webster declares. Japan is currently looking for ways to improve the standard of English teaching in its schools. Although virtually all children learn

15. English for several years, the Japanese lag behind other Asian countries in English proficiency — a trend which politicians and business leaders say makes them less effective in commerce and diplomacy. A textbook called “English for the Over-40s” is a bestseller here, and growing numbers of executives are enrolling in English courses to improve their promotion prospects. “And you haven’t.” Last year, a panel of experts advising then prime minister Keizo Obuchi called for a national debate on whether to make English Japan's “second official language.” The idea, which would oblige the government, local councils and other official bodies to draw up

16. documents in both languages, has been criticized by some as a further move towards western erosion of Japanese culture. Whatever the new government of Junichiro Koizumi decides, one can only hope that no one removes the notice at the Tokyo City Air Terminal which advises passengers to be “cautious for pickpockets.” Or the sign on a drinks vending machine which says the company responsible has selected “first class ingredients with confidence for offering consumer best products which get you a nice time day after day.” (841 words)

17. We wish all the time to be able to provide you fresh bread and to propose you a joy of eating life with bread…Especially, we want to be a host at dinner of your kitchen. Paraphrase This is an example of Japanese English, meaning that we hope that we will always be able to provide you with fresh bread and help you to enjoy your dinner with our fresh bread. Mostly, we want our bread to be your main food for dinner.

18. Japanese English has as much claim to legitimacy as the English spoken in, for example, India, Jamaica and the Philippines. claim — right to something • Examples • Her claim to the ownership of the car is invalid. • The town’s only claim to fame is that it has the longest tunnel in the country. More to learn

19. Japanese English has as much claim to legitimacy as the English spoken in, for example, India, Jamaica and the Philippines. claim — statement of sth as a fact; assertion • Examples • We all believed her claim that she was innocent. • Nobody believed his claim that he was rich. More to learn

20. Japanese English has as much claim to legitimacy as the English spoken in, for example, India, Jamaica and the Philippines. Paraphrase Japanese English is as legitimate as Indian, Jamaican and Philippine English.

21. mean sth./doing sth. — result in (sth); involve mean to do sth. — intend to do sth • Examples • Taking the new job means working overtime. • I didn’t mean to hurt you.

22. column —1) part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist —2) tall pillar • Examples • She writes the financial column in The Times. • I always read her column in the Express. • The temple is supported by four massive columns. • A thermometer has a column of mercury.

23. The result is a waker-upper for those who expect standard syntax, but the meaning is usually perfectly comprehensible. Paraphrase The result is a great surprise for those who expect standard English, but the meaning of Japanese English is usually completely understandable.

24. shame sb into/out of doing sth v —cause sb to do/not to do sth by making him feel shame • Examples • The boy, who was impolite to his mother, was shamed into apologizing by his teacher. • Mr. Childs criticizes English language schools which “shame” their students into signing up for lessons in “correct” English.

25. That experience set her back several years and several million yen. set…back — delay or hinder; cost • Examples • Financial problems have set back their superhighway-building program for twelve months. • This meal is likely to set us back 30 yuan each, which is our salary for one day. More to learn

26. That experience set her back several years and several million yen. Paraphrase The experience of learning pronunciation from the very beginning took her several years and cost him several million yen.

27. sheer a. —complete; thorough; utter • Examples • What he said is sheer nonsense. • In order to learn standard English, a Japanese middle school student, after 15 years of English study, was encouraged to relearn pronunciation from the very beginning, which was a sheer waste of time.

28. medium —means by which sth is expressed or communicated • Examples • New achievements on various fronts are made known through the medium of television. • English is still the main medium of instruction in Europe.

29. beyond outside the range or limits of someone or something (beyond belief/doubt/recognition) • Examples • In case of fire, the matches must be put beyond the children’s reach. • The city center of Chongqing has changed beyond all recognition in the past five years.

30. The idea, which would oblige government, local councils and other official bodies to draw up documents in both languages, has been criticised by some as a further move towards western erosion of Japanese culture. draw up — write out sth (to draw up a plan/ a contract/a check) • Examples • Before the Christmas party, we must draw up a plan to ensure that everything goes smoothly. • She is Mr. Smith’s secretary and her task in the company is to draw up checks. More to learn

31. The idea, which would oblige government, local councils and other official bodies to draw up documents in both languages, has been criticised by some as a further move towards western erosion of Japanese culture. Paraphrase The idea, which would force government, local councils and other official bodies to use both Japanese and English in drawing up documents is thought to be a concession to western erosion of Japanese culture and has been criticised by some people.

32. Content Awareness • Read and Think(Ex. 10) • Read and Complete(Ex. 11)

33. Ex. 10 Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage. 1. By claiming legitimacy for “Japanese English”, the author wants to indicate that “Japanese English”__________. A) is an international language B) is as incorrect as Indian, Jamaican and the Philippine English C) can becomprehensible only to Japanese D) can be accepted as appropriate English 1. By claiming legitimacy for “Japanese English”, the author wants to indicate that “Japanese English”__________. A) is an international language B) is as incorrect as Indian, Jamaican and the Philippine English C) can becomprehensible only to Japanese D) can be accepted as appropriate English

34. Ex. 10 Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage. 2. Which of the following is true according to Mr. Childs? A) Japanese English do not break the accepted rules of English. B) Creativity is the feature of Japanese English. C) Fluency in standard English should be the business of specialists. D) The English proficiency of Japanese is better than others’. 2. Which of the following is true according to Mr. Childs? A) Japanese English do not break the accepted rules of English. B) Creativity is the feature of Japanese English. C) Fluency in standard English should be the business of specialists. D) The English proficiency of Japanese is better than others’.

35. Ex. 10 Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage. 3. According to Mr. Webster, Japanese English____________. A) is rarely used outside mixed homes B) is harmful to Japanese students C) is a real medium for communication D) is admirable and should be encouraged 3. According to Mr. Webster, Japanese English____________. A) is rarely used outside mixed homes B) is harmful to Japanese students C) is a real medium for communication D) is admirable and should be encouraged

36. Ex. 10 Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A) People in Asia and the Caribbean are more competent as language users. B) The English proficiency of the Japanese promoted their commerce and diplomacy. C) English should be made Japan’s second official language. D) More and more executives are learning English in order to get promoted. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A) People in Asia and the Caribbean are more competent as language users. B) The English proficiency of the Japanese promoted their commerce and diplomacy. C) English should be made Japan's second official language. D) More and more executives are learning English in order to get promoted.

37. Ex. 10 Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage. 5. The author’s attitude towards Japanese English is_________. A) negative B) positive C) neutral D) indifferent 5. The author’s attitude towards Japanese English is_________. A) negative B) positive C) neutral D) indifferent

38. Ex. 11 Answer the following questions with the information you obtain from the passage. 1. Why does the author use the quotations of Japanglish at the beginning of the passage? Reference To show that Japanglish is comprehensible and widely used, thus deserving its status as a legitimate language.

39. Ex. 11 Answer the following questions with the information you obtain from the passage. 2. Is Mr. Childs in favor of or against “Japanglish”? Reference He is in favor of it. He claims that Japanese should speak English in a way that suits them.

40. Ex. 11 Answer the following questions with the information you obtain from the passage. 3. Why does Mr. Childs criticize English language schools? Reference Because he thinks English language schools force their students to learn “correct” English that is far removed from their everyday lives.

41. Ex. 11 Answer the following questions with the information you obtain from the passage. 4. What’s the attitude of Daniel Webster towards “Japanglish”? Reference He is against the use of Japanglish and says that Mr. Childs is doing Japanese students of English a disservice by telling them something is right when it is simply wrong.

42. Ex. 11 Answer the following questions with the information you obtain from the passage. 5. What’s the author’s conclusion? Reference In a way, “Japanglish” should be encouraged.

43. Language Focus • Vocabulary (Ex. 12) • Phrases(Ex. 13) • Translation(Ex. 14)

44. Ex. 12 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. ignore claim sheerchampion prejudice oblige prospect proficiency beyond lag 1. Tom has made great progress in English. Above all, his composition is ________ praise. • beyond 2. He is a man of integrity and always ________ a just cause. • champions

45. Ex. 12 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. ignore claim sheerchampion prejudice oblige prospect proficiency beyond lag 3. This PLA soldier _______ personal danger when he jumped into the icy water to save the drowning child. • ignored • This decree ____________the Union to delay strikes. • obliged

46. Ex. 12 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. ignore claim sheerchampion prejudice oblige prospect proficiency beyond lag 5. What the accused man said before the jury was _____________nonsense. • sheer 6. The small boy soon became tired and exhausted and _________ far behind the rest of the walkers. • lagged

47. Ex. 12 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. ignore claim sheerchampion prejudice oblige prospect proficiency beyond lag 7. Perhaps the price of the wine will be much higher next year because the _______ for this year’s wine harvest are poor. • prospects 8. Surprisingly, the sixty-year-old man has acquired ________ in a foreign language through practice. • proficiency

48. Ex. 12 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. ignore claim sheerchampion prejudice oblige prospect proficiency beyond lag 9. Her kindness, friendliness and thoughtfulness soon overcame the ________ of her stepchild. • prejudice 10. His only ______ to fame was that he won the first prize in the national English speech competition. • claim

49. Ex. 13 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Make changes where necessary. 1. These changes in peoples’ attitudes towards college students doing part-time jobs are an improvement ___________. • in a way 2. She is always busy _________ a variety of contracts since she is the personnel manager. • drawing up

50. Ex. 13 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Make changes where necessary. 3. At present, one of this city’s most serious problems is housing that _________ immediate solution . • calls for 4. My sister was a laid-off worker. She ___________ a secretarial course in order to find a new job in a company. • signed up for