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PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the

PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Contribuciones de las distintas Organizaciones y Agencias Internacionales y de Cooperación a la SSO. OPS El Salvador, 29-30 Abril 2004. DR. LUZ MARITZA TENNASSEE

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PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the

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  1. PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Contribuciones de las distintas Organizaciones y Agencias Internacionales y de Cooperación a la SSO OPS El Salvador, 29-30 Abril 2004 DR. LUZ MARITZA TENNASSEE Sustainable Development and Environmental Health

  2. Globalization: Strengths and weaknesses Beneficial effect Adverse effect 5–7 % annual growth trade and world production Harder competition developing countries Global market provides benefit of scale Home markets are put under pressure Higher efficacy and quality Compromising health and safety standards Unphysiological time schedules, sleep debt, vigilance problems Elimination of time dimension from global market < costs of storage, high flow of production Tight deadlines, psychological stress. physical overload unconventional work hours, source of flexibility: human labour Adapt to global market

  3. Environmental &Workers’ Health “Occupational Health and Safety:a high priority in the global, international and national agenda” Kofi A. AnnanSecretary General United Nations Protect the health and safety of workers Strengthen and promote ILO and WHO programmes to reducr occupational deaths, injuries and illnesses. Link occupational health with public health promotion” Johannesburg Summit 2002

  4. UN Millennium Development Goals Relation to Workers’ Health CONTRIBUTION: GOALS: Synergy with Labor Ministers, Private Sector, NGOs Unions to Create and Maintain a Healthy Workplaces Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Basic Skills for Women to Utilize Housing and Working Facilities Promote Gender, Equality and Empower Women Improvement in Working Conditions to promote and protect parental Health Reduce Child Mortality and Improve Maternal Health Through Promotion in the Workplace and healthcare Sector Combat HIV/AIDS

  5. UN Millennium Development Goals Ensuring Environmental Sustainability Integrate the Principles of Sustainable Development into Country Policies and Programs and reverse the loss of Environmental Resources TARGET Regional Plan on Workers’ Health/Health Workplaces Initiatives Linkages between Health and Labor PAHO/ILO CONTRIBUTION By 2020 to have achieve a significant improvement in the Lives of at least 100 million slum Dwellers – phase out and eradication TARGET Creation of Healthy, Safe and Decent Workplaces CONTRIBUTION

  6. SITUATION ANALISIS IN THE AMERICAS INEQUITIES – INSTITUTIONAL DISPERSION - REFORMS •EAP: 351 million (> 50% Americas population). - 69 million below poverty line. - 52% Informal Sector ( women, children, migrants, indigenous) - 49% women - 24 million children work. 36 Injuries / minute 5 Million injuries / year 5 Million injuries / year 90,000 Fatal Injuries / year • Morbidity: Traditional occupational illnesses, along with cancer, asthma, depression, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal , immunological, and nervous system, and re-emerging diseases. 9% - 12% of GDP in LAC 30% Receives Occupational Health Services (formal sector)

  7. The Workers’ Health Plan Driving Forces Globalization, Integration, Technological Change Reform of the State, Inequities ACTION Health Policies and Legislation Quality of the Work Environment Promotion of Workers Health Comprehensive Workers’ Services Pressure Technology Transfer, Non- traditional Expoprt Production Increase Maquila State Workforce Composition, Migration, Precarious L.M, Poverty Feminization Exposure (Environmental) Psychosocial, Ergonomic, Chemical, Biological, Safety & Physical Effect Lost workdays, Occupational Accidents & Diseases, Lower Productivity, Social Costs DPSEEA Model

  8. Economic impact The Breakdown of Costs for Work-related Injuries and Diseases Injuries 14% Heart diseases 16% Musculoskeletal 40% Respiratory diseases 9% Nervous Central System 8% Others 13% Other diseases include cancer, skin diseases and mental disorders Source: ILO, 1999

  9. Organization of American States The Regional Workers’ Health Plan III Summit of the Americas 2001 XII Inter-American Conference of the Ministers of Labor October 2001- Septiembre 2003 • Declaration and Plan of Action (OAS, ILO, PAHO, IDB, WB, ECLAC) Workers’ Health

  10. Agreement PAHO - ILOExtend Social Protection and Health Coverage within Excluded Groups(ESPHC) Approved by Directive Council

  11. THE CHALLENGE Magnitude of the Problem: • Total population of Latin America and the Caribbean: 500 million. • 27% of the population lacks access to permanent and basic health services (125 millon). • 46% of the population does not have health insurance either public or private (230 millon).

  12. REASON FOR ESPHC IN THE AMERICAS REGION • Persistent economic, social, ethnic and cultural exclusion. • The present social protection mechanisms are insufficient to give answers to new problems. • It is necessary for the Reform Processes to contribute in the construction of socially inclusive societies for all its citizens.

  13. Access to Services Home Financial Security Quality of Health Services CONDITIONS FOR THE EXTENSION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN HEALTH

  14. MANDATES OF THE ILO/PAHO/WHO RELATED TO THE EXTENTION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN HEALTH PAHO/WHO • Reduction in inequities in the access to health services and in their financing • Universal access to health services in order to achieve the goal of health for all • Poverty reduction and development goals of the millenium

  15. ILO Promote opportunities for decent and productive work under conditions of freedom, equity, safety and human dignity Improve the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all, including protection in health New consensus of social security MANDATES OF THE ILO/PAHO/WHO RELATED TO THE EXTENTION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN HEALTH

  16. First Hispanic ForumOctober 2000 TOPICS • Inequities • Environmental Justice • Migrant Workers • Border Health ACTORS • EPA, OSHA, NIOSH (public sector) • NSC, 3M (private sector) • National Alliance for Hispanic Health (NGOs) • PAHO, ILO, NAALC (international organizations)

  17. Hispanic population grew by 58% between 1990 and 2000:38.3 Million in the US, 3.8 Million in Puerto Rico 12.5% of the workforce is Hispanic. They bear 15% of the total US fatal occupational injuries. Fatal occupational accidents have decreased overall, but risen alarmingly among the Hispanic labor force. In the US there has been a 40 % increase in fatalities among Hispanic workers in the construction sector. Alarming Increases in Work Accidents among Hispanics Work Related Fatalities are Projected to Keep rising without preventive interventions

  18. NATIONWIDE NETWORK: AN INVITATION TO JOIN AND SUPPORT Hispanic Forum 3M US-Mexico BHA NIOSH Communications Workshop PAHO Summit of the Americas-OAS NSC Puerto Rico OSHA Interconnectivity and Support

  19. Border Issues

  20. Border XXI Program “ To improve the environmental health of U.S.-Mexico border communities by identifying and addressing those environmental conditions posing the highest human health risk” 1983 La Paz agreement designated six work groups (Air, water, hazardous waste, contingency planning, pollution prevention and cooperative enforcement) 1996 Three groups were added: natural r esources, environmental information and environmental and occupational health. Development of Environmental Health Indicators

  21. Migrant Farm Workers • Most farm workers have no insurance. • 3 to 5 million of them are Hispanic. • Most migrant workers are men in their 20s and send their earnings home to their families in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador or Haiti. • Most live in poor housing and unsanitary living conditions.

  22. Healthy Work Place Initiative Central America Andean Region

  23. ILO CONTENT: • Best Practices • Databases • Softwares • Global Links • DECIDES • Long-Distance Education http://www.cepis.ops-oms.org

  24. Operators, laborers Managerial, professional Farming Precision production Service Current Occupation for Men by Hispanic Origin in the US 2000 Hispanic Non-Hispanic White Technical, sales Source: Current Population Survey, March 2000, PGP-4

  25. Operators, laborers Managerial, professional Farming Precision production Service Current Occupation for Women by Hispanic Origin in the US 2000 Hispanic Non-Hispanic White Technical, sales Source: Current Population Survey, March 2000, PGP-4

  26. Percent Unemployed by Hispanic Origin and Sex in the US 2000 (Population 16 years and over in the labor force) Percent Source: Current Population Survey, March 2000, PGP-4

  27. Percent Unemployed by Hispanic Origin and Sex in the US 2000 (Population 16 years and over in the labor force) Percent Source: Current Population Survey, March 2000, PGP-4

  28. Percent Below Poverty Level in 1999 by Age and Hispanic Origin in the US Percent Source: Current Population Survey, March 2000, PGP-4

  29. ECONOMIC BURDEN OSH 171 170 180 154 160 140 120 100 80 67 60 33 40 20 0 ALZH OSH AIDS CANCER CIRCUL NIOSH/CDC

  30. SocialInjusticeSyndrome Unemployment Homicides Suicides Violence Occupational Cancer Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Reproductive Problems Occupational Stress Infectious Diseases Musculoskeletal Disorders Poisoning Accidents and Injuries Cardiovascular Diseases Hearing Loss Respiratory Problems

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