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Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins

Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins. Section 3 The Cold War and American Society. A New Red Scare. *Don’t Write* During the 1950s rumors of Communists in the U.S. led to fears that Communists were taking over the world. *Write*

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Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins

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  1. Chapter 26The Cold War Begins Section 3 The Cold War and American Society

  2. A New Red Scare • *Don’t Write* During the 1950s rumors of Communists in the U.S. led to fears that Communists were taking over the world. • *Write* The Red Scare began in 1945, and escalated into a general fear of Communist subversion – an effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its gov’t.

  3. The Loyalty Review Program • Early 1947, Truman established the LRP to screen all federal employees for their loyalty. • Instead of calming Americans, it led to the fear that Communists were infiltrating the gov’t. • 14,000 were questioned • 2,000 quit under pressure • 212 fired

  4. HUAC • FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover went to the House Un-American Activities Committee to urge them to hold public hearings on Communist subversion. • FBI began to wiretap thousands of telephones.

  5. Whittaker Chambers • 1948 – Time magazine editor Whittaker Chambers testified before HUAC that several gov’t officials were also former Communists or spies.

  6. Served in Roosevelt’s administration, attended the Yalta Conf., and helped with the organization of the UN. Hiss denied any charges against him, but was convicted of perjury. Alger Hiss

  7. The Rosenbergs • The search for spies intensified when the Soviets produced an atomic bomb. • Klaus Fuchs admitted giving info to the Soviets. • This led to the arrest of Julius & Ethel Rosenberg.

  8. The Rosenbergs • New York couple who were members of the Communist Party and were charged with heading a Soviet spy ring. • Many believed they were not guilty, but they were executed in 1953.

  9. Project Venona • 1946 – American cryptographers cracked the Soviet spy code, allowing them to read messages b/w Moscow and the U.S. • It became public knowledge in 1995, and provided evidence against the Rosenbergs.

  10. Joseph McCarthy • Senator McCarthy, in a political speech, stated that he had a list of 205 Communists in the state department. • He accused Democratic Party leaders of corruption and of protecting Communists.

  11. The McCarran Internal Security Act • The McCarran Act in 1950 – made it illegal to “combine, conspire, or agree with any other person to perform any act which would substantially contribute to…the establishment of a totalitarian gov’t.”

  12. McCarthyism • McCarthy became the chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations. • Investigations turned into a witch hunt. • He ruined reputations without proper evidence. • This became know as McCarthyism.

  13. McCarthy’s Downfall • 1954 – Army-McCarthy hearings were televised and Americans saw how he attacked witnesses, and his popularity faded. • Later that year Senate passed a vote of censure, or formal disapprroval, against McCarthy.

  14. Life During the Cold War • The threat of an atomic attack against the U.S. forced Americans to prepare for an attack. • Some built fallout shelters in their backyards and stocked them with canned foods.

  15. Ideal fallout shelter

  16. End of Section 3 Next: Section 4 Eisenhower’s Policies

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