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Hartmut Abele Atominstitut

Strings, Axions and cold Neutrons Exploring the Properties of Fundamental Interactions with neutrons Up To and Including Gravity. Hartmut Abele Atominstitut. a, A, B, C. Acceleration of the Universe Friedman DGL. Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München. 2. 2. Friedman DGL. Axions

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Hartmut Abele Atominstitut

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  1. Strings, Axions and cold NeutronsExploring the Properties of Fundamental Interactions with neutronsUp To and Including Gravity Hartmut Abele Atominstitut a, A, B, C

  2. AccelerationoftheUniverseFriedman DGL Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 2 2

  3. Friedman DGL Axions  0.2 µm <  < 2 cm B&C ‘05: Cosmological Constant linked to Size of extra dimensions   ~ 5µm,  < 106 • ADD ‘99: Repulsive forces • gauge fields in the bulk • Strength = 106 – 109, range  < 100 µm, Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 3 3

  4. 1. Quantum Bounce the dynamics of ultra-cold neutrons in the gravity potential Julio Gea-Banacloche, Am. J. Phys.1999 Quantum interference: sensitivity to fifth forces Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien

  5. Limits • Count rate: 0.5s-1 N = 106 after 25 days • Observation time T = 100ms Fifth force:  Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 5 5

  6. 2.1 Limits on Axions/CP-Violation SM: 0 < q < 2p EDM neutron→ q < 10-10 Axion: Spin-Masscouplinggsgp/ħc: q = 0

  7. Science week TU Munich 08, Georg Raffelt: A. Westphal, H.A. et al. 2007

  8. Axion Limits Baeßler et al., PRD 2007 Westphal, Baeßler, H.A. arXiv:hep-ph/0703108 - 1 2 1 0 Ni et al., 1999: Hammond et al., 2007 - 1 5 1 0 Our limit - 1 8 1 0 |gSgP|/ħc - 2 1 Ni et al., 1999 S. Hoedl et al., prospect 1 0 - 2 4 Youdin et al., 1996 1 0 Heckel et al., 2006: - 2 7 1 0 PVLAS - 3 0 1 0 Heckel et al., 2006 - 6 - 4 - 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 λ [m] PolarizedParticle is an electron Polarized Particle is a neutron

  9. The Experimental Team: T. Jenke, H. Lemmel, H.A., ATI Vienna P. Geltenbort, ILL D. Stadler, Univ. HD H. Saul, G. Kessler, T. Lins, TUM Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien

  10. 3. P-Violation, the SM andβ-decayoftheneutron • Beta-Decayofthe Neutron See review article: The neutron. Its properties and basic interactions, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 60 1-81 (2008)

  11. 3. The Neutron Alphabet, Observables A: P-odd, Dr. Mund (2007) B: P-odd, Schumann et al., PRL 99, 191803 (2007) C: P-odd, Schumann et al., PRL 100, 151801 (2008) a aSPECT b project D: T-odd, Dr. Plonka G PSI 08, Bodek et al. N PSI 08, Bodek et al. R: T-odd, PSI 08, Bodek et al.  PNPI A Neutron Spin  Electron B Neutrino C Proton a D R N Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien

  12. Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 12

  13. a,A  = gA/ gV A + t Vud from CKM matrix A + B + t  Right Handed Currents (RHC)? Letters and SM spelling WL WR PERKEO: Schumann et al., PRL 99, 191803 (2007) Hartmut Abele, ATI Vienna 13

  14. Why ratio= gA/ gV from Neutrons? Processes with the same Feynman-Diagram Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut TU Wien Slide from D. Dubbers 14

  15. a,A  = gA/ gV A + t Vud from CKM matrix Letters and SM spelling Quark mixing is rotation in flavor space CKM-Matrix is unitary Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 15

  16. Is Unitary in the quark sector violated? CKM Unitarity test first row with A = - 0.1189(7) we get  = gA/gV = -1.2739(19) Vub 0.00001% Vus 4.8% Vud 94.4% Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, Wien 16

  17. a,A  = gA/ gV A + t Vud from CKM matrix A + B + t  Right Handed Currents (RHC)? Letters and SM spelling WL WR PERKEO: Schumann et al., PRL 99, 191803 (2007) Hartmut Abele, ATI Vienna 17

  18. Origin of nature’s lefthandedness Standard Model: Elektroweak interaction 100% lefthanded Grand unified theories: Universe was left-right symmetric at the beginning Parity violation = 'emergent' Order parameter <100% Neutron decay: Correlation B + A: Mass right handed W-Boson: mR > 280 GeV/c2 Phase: -0.20 <<0.07 WL WR Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien 18 18

  19. A + B + C Scalar Interactions  Tensor Interactions Letters and SM spelling S, T V-A PERKEO: Schumann et al., PRL 100, 151801 (2008) gT/gA gT/gA World average 2007 A + B + C, Neutrons 19

  20. New SM: Role of low energy studies in the LHC era (and beyond!) • Double frontier in the search for new physics • Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ) • Searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision Ramsey-Musolf: ILL workshop `08

  21. B-coefficient Effect large: g-2 neutron-beta-decy Super symmetry effects: 10-5 H. Abele, Atominstitut, TU Wien Ramsey-Musolf: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0608064v2

  22. Cold Neutrons @ PF1B,MEPHISTO, (PSI) High Flux:  = 2 x 1010 cm-2s-1  Decay rate of 1 MHz / metre Polarizer: 99.7 ± 0.1 % Spin Flipper: 100.05 ± 0.1 % Analyzer: 100 % 3He-cells Spectrometer Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 22

  23. Expected count rates Cont. unpol: After mag. Barrier: Polarized to 98%: Pulsed: Pulsed polarized 99.7% Tn·Is=1.2104s−1. Tn'Is'=300s−1. Hartmut Abele, ATI Wien 24

  24. Dubbers, Baessler, Märkisch, Schumann, Soldner, Zimmer, H.A., arXiv 2007 Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 25 • Table 1: Error budget of PERC in standard configuration. • The numbering in this list is the same as in Sections 4.1 to 4.5.

  25. CASCADE-Project @ University of HD a GEM-based gas detector for neutrons Solid converter system Highly integrated readout electronics Accessories: Electronics. Gas flow controllers. 10B coatings. Electrons Ions pictures from Sauli Neutrons 10B-Converter taken from Sauli et al.: http://www.cern.ch/GDD The GEM inherently has high rates capability of 10 MHz/cm2 ! Hartmut Abele, Atominstitut, Wien 26

  26. CASCADE-U for UCN and VCN Detection Adapter to Wilson-flange Teflon ring Top-flange Sidewall-flange Bottom-flange Transparency by M. Klein, CASCADE-Detector

  27. Standard-Model-Parameters Axial vector to Vector coupling CKM-Matrix element Unitarity test Phase Weak Magnetismus other variables all -p weak cross sections Number of neutrino flavors Baryon density in the universe

  28. And beyond: RHC Mass W boson Mixing Angle Scalar interactions gs Tensor interactions gt Fierz interference b Neutrino helicity <1 Schumann et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 191803 (2007), arXiv:0706.3788.

  29. 1. String-Theories & Neutrons Gravitation andthequestionof large extra dimensions 2. CP-Violation & Neutrons • Axions • Baryon asymmetryoftheuniverse • SUSY 3. P-Violation & Neutrons Correlationcoefficients in neutronbeta-decayand • Mixing ofquarks • SUSY See review article: The neutron. Its properties and basic interactions, H.A., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 60 (2008) 1-81

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