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Linux 简介

Linux 简介. Contents. Unix GNU/Linux, Distributions Basic usage Applications Compiling, compilers Clustering. Unix. Most important operating system, developed in the 60s and 70s at Bell Lab, prototype of most modern OS’s. C language, TCP/IP, …

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Linux 简介

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  1. Linux简介

  2. Contents • Unix • GNU/Linux, Distributions • Basic usage • Applications • Compiling, compilers • Clustering

  3. Unix • Most important operating system, developed in the 60s and 70s at Bell Lab, prototype of most modern OS’s. C language, TCP/IP, … • Widely used in servers and workstations. Dominant in key-task servers or mainframes. • Lots of variations: Solaris, Irix, AIX, HP-UX, BSD, SCO unix, Xinix, Mac OS X, Linux, …

  4. GNU/Linux • GNU's Not Unix, Unix-like software, but free and not containing any Unix code, 1984 • GPL (General Public License ) • Linux, 1991, kernel • Linux distributions (boot loader, kernel, boot scripts, gcc, bash, KDE, Gnome, applications, package management

  5. Linux distributions • Redhat Linux • SuSE • Debian • Ubuntu • Gentoo • …

  6. Common Unix commands • Directory and file creation and navigation: lscdpwdmkdirrmrmdircpfindtouch • File viewing and editing: morelessviemacsheadtail • Text processing: echocatgrepsortawkcuttrsplitprintf • File comparison: commcmpdiffpatch • Miscellaneous shell tools: yestest • System administration: chmodchownpssuwwho • Communication: mailftpfingerssh • Authentication: supasswd • Helping: help man

  7. Windows clients • Shell: Telnet (X), ssh (putty, secureCRT, …), http://162.105.161.119/c/scrt622.rar • X-window (Xwin32, Hummingbird, Exceed, …) • ftp (?), sftp, pscp (in putty package)

  8. VNC • vncserver • vncserver –kill :n • vncviewer • tightvnc

  9. Visualization • Gnuplot • IDL

  10. Online docs • http://www.tldp.org/, Guides • Distribution sites

  11. Applications • http://directory.fsf.org/ • sourceforge.net, freshmeat.net, … • database (mysql, postgresql, …) • office (openoffice, tex, …) • development (gcc, perl, python, …) • X-Windows apps, web browser, …

  12. compiling • gcc, pgcc, g77, pgCC, g++, opencc, openCC • pgf90, pgf95, pg77, openf90 • optimizing –On, -fastsse • linking • PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, • include path, library path • running (path)

  13. debugging, profiling • gdb, pgdb • gprof, pgprof

  14. Clustering • rsh node • topall • top • mpif90, mpicc • mpirun –n 4 a.out

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