Progressive Movement

1. Progressive Movement

2. Objectives • Content: Analyze primary source accounts of the Homestead Strike. • Language: Explain the changes desired by Bryan and T. Roosevelt.

3. The Progressive MovementProgressive = Change • These changes included: • Breakup of monopolies • Improvement in Working Conditions • Limitations on Child Labor • Rise of Labor Unions • Temperance Movement • Women’s Suffrage

4. Early Attempts at Reform • Unions • Workers responded to dangerous conditions by forming Labor Unions. • Business owners saw labor unions as unfair because they prevent competition. • The largest impact was made by organizing a strike.

5. Strikes • Strikes were often violent and deadly and many people did not support this lawless disorder.

6. The Homestead Strike In 1892, workers went on strike at Carnegie’s steel plant in Homestead, PA. The strike occurred because of increased hours, decreased wages, and unsafe conditions. Workers barricaded themselves in front of the plant.

7. The Homestead Strike Frick (Carnegie’s general manager) tried to take the plant back by force. Eventually the PA governor sent in troops. Lives were lost on both sides. The strike was a failure since the strikers were immediately replaced by non-union strikebreakers

8. Politics • William Jennings Bryan • Ran for President three times • Fought for the lower classes and the rights of laborers/farmers • Spoke out against political corruption

9. Theodore Roosevelt • Success in Spanish American War gives him celebrity status • Vice President and then President of U.S. • Believed president was the “steward of the people,” = he could not be bought or manipulated.

10. Theodore Roosevelt • Anti-trust - preventing or controlling trusts or other monopolies, with the intention of promoting competition.

12. Warm Up • List as many details about the photo as you can. • What do you think was the purpose of the photographer in taking this picture?

13. Objectives • Content: Defend your position on who was to blame for the tragedy at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory. • Language: Explain the importance of Lewis Hine and Samuel Gompers.

14. Muckrakers • In the 1900s, a group of writers began writing stories that exposedgovernment corruption and other problems of American society. • These writers were known as muckrakers because they “dug up” the “dirt” about of American society.

15. Many muckraker stories were printed in magazines and widely read. • As the public became informed of these problems, they began to demand REFORM! • Ex: The Jungle • Pure Food and Drug Act (FDA) and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906

16. Workplace Reforms • Reforms were needed because of these three negative effects of industrialization: • Unsafe working conditions • Low wages and long hours • Child Labor

17. Unsafe Working Conditions • Labor unions were weak. • Workers worked for long hours, for low pay, in dangerous environments. • The Triangle shirtwaist factory fire of 1911 • Locked exits and a faulty fire escape led to the deaths of 146 women working in the factory • This was one of the tragic events that led to workplace reforms

18. Child Labor • Young children worked for long hours and low pay in dangerous environments. • These children received no education. • Lewis Hine used photographs of children working to try to reform (and end) child labor practices. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tY1gk6J6zc&feature=related

19. The Rise of Labor Unions Samuel Gompers began the American Federation of Labor (also called the AFL) It was one of the most powerful Labor Unions The American Federation of Labor (AFL) had 1.6 million members by 1904.

20. Progressive Movement Workplace Reforms • In the end, the Labor Unions had many successes • Improved safety conditions • Reduced work hours • Placed restrictions on Child Labor • Expanded Education • In 1865 most children attended school for only 4 years • By 1914 80% of all children (ages 5-17) were enrolled in school

22. Objectives • Content: Analyze primary sources to explain the Temperance Movement. • Language: Write flashcards for the 18th, 19th, and 21st Amendments.

23. Progressive Era Constitutional Changes • During the Progressive Era, people began to believe that it was government’s job to help solve society’s problems. • Many new laws were passed as a result of the progressive movement, including several amendments to the Constitution.

24. Progressive leaders of the time, included muckrakers, elected government officials and very often, women.

25. Progressive Era Amendments • 18th – (1919) Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages • 19th - (1920) Women’s Suffrage (The right to vote) • 21st – (1933) Repeal of Prohibition Amendment

26. 18th Amendment “Prohibition” (also known as The Temperance Movement) prohibited: the production, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States.

27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiYqFXmVAFg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiYqFXmVAFg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

28. Women’s Christian Temperance Union Biggest group behind Temperance movement was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Carrie A. Nation became the face (and ammo) of the movement

29. Carrie Nation and her “Hatchetations”

30. 21st AmendmentRepeal of Prohibition • Prohibition amendment was so controversial, that it became one of the central issues of the1932 Presidential election • FDR ran and won on a platform which included an end to Prohibition

32. Map of Women’s Suffrage Before 1920

34. Objectives • Content: Label a timeline showing the order of individuals gaining the right to vote in the U.S. • Language: Explain importance of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

35. 15th Amendment - 1871 • Granted African-American men the right to vote • Disappointed many women who thought African-American men and women would be enfranchised together • African Americans were split over whether men should get vote before women

36. Sojourner Truth, 1869 “There is a great stir about colored men getting their rights, but not a word about the colored women … And if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs, you see the colored men will be masters over the women, and it will be just as bad as it was before.” Sojourner Truth, 1864

37. Famous Suffragettes • National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) • Big leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Two strategies: • Try to win suffrage state by state • Try to pass a Constitutional Amendment (but this would need to be ratified by 36 states – or three-fourths)

39. Anti-suffragists • Those who opposed extending the right to vote to women were called anti-suffragists. • Many anti’s were women. “O Save Us, Senators, from Ourselves!”

40. Beliefs of Anti-Suffragists • Women were high-strung, irrational, and emotional • Women were not smart or educated enough • Women should stay at home • Women were too physically frail; they would get tired just walking to the polling station • Women would become masculine if they voted

41. Women’s Suffrage Women gained the right to vote with the passage of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America. Women gained voting rights and increased educational opportunities http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L13b0t9aARY&feature=related

42. Discrimination against Native Americans • Native Americans did not receive any citizenship rights in the United States until 1924. • This means that they were the last group of people to be given Constitutional rights!