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MINE2007 PRINCIPLES OF MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Instructor : Assoc . Prof. Dr. Semih GÜRSU

MINE2007 PRINCIPLES OF MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Instructor : Assoc . Prof. Dr. Semih GÜRSU Reference Books : MANUAL OF MINERALOGY (CORNELIS KLEIN & CORNELIUS S. HURLBUT) INTRODUCTION TO MINERALOGY (WILLIAM D. NESSE) SOFWARE OF THE LESSON: MINERALOGY TUTORIALS ( Cornelis Klein ).

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MINE2007 PRINCIPLES OF MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Instructor : Assoc . Prof. Dr. Semih GÜRSU

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  1. MINE2007 PRINCIPLES OF MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY • Instructor: • Assoc. Prof. Dr. Semih GÜRSU • Reference Books: • MANUAL OF MINERALOGY (CORNELIS KLEIN & CORNELIUS S. HURLBUT) • INTRODUCTION TO MINERALOGY (WILLIAM D. NESSE) • SOFWARE OF THE LESSON: MINERALOGY TUTORIALS • (CornelisKlein)

  2. SYLLABUS What is Mineral?, Mineralogy PhysicalFeatures of Minerals Crystallography (CrystalClasses) SystematicMineralogy (Silicates-Tectosilicates) SystematicMineralogy (Silicates- Inosilicates) SystematicMineralogy (Silicates-Nesosilicates/Nesosorosilicates/Cyclosilicates/Phyllosilicates) SystematicMineralogy (Sulfate, PhosphatesandCarbonates) SystematicMineralogy (Sulfides, Halide, NativeElements) Mid-TermExam (19.11.2013 Lesson&Lab.) RockCycle Petrography of IgneousRocks Petrography of SedimentaryRock Petrography of MetamorphicRocks

  3. What is Mineral? andMineralogy Mineral: A mineral is a naturallyoccuringhomogeneoussolidwith a define chemicalcompositionand a highlyorderedatamicarrangmentand is usuallyformedbyinorganicprocesses. Inthisterm, for a mineral, Itmust be; - naturallyoccurred, - homegeneoussolidstate, - having a chemicalcomposition, - formedbyinorganicprocesses, Mineralsmust be crystallinesoids. Theatoms/ionsthatcomprisecrystallinematerialsarearrangedandchemicallybonded in a regularandrepeatinglong-rangepattern. Thebeautiful, symmetricallyarrangedcrystalfacesare a concequence of thisinternallyorderedatomicstructures. Mineraloids; are mineral-likematerialsthatlack a long-rangecrystallinestructures. Theyincludeamorphoussolidsandglasses. Volcanicglass is themostcommonsample.

  4. Crystal: A boarderdefinition of crystals can be explained as homogeneoussolidpossessinglong-range, havingthreedimensionalinternalorder. (thecrystals can be natuaralorsenteticforms) Crystallography: Thestudy of crystallinesolidsandtheprinciplesthatgoverntheirgrowth, externalshapeandinternalstructure is named as crystallograhy. Crystallographywasoriginallydeveloped as a brach of mineralogy, today it has become a seperatesciencedealing not onlywithminerals but withallcrystallinematter.

  5. Mineralogy:Mineralogycan be explained as thestudy of minerals. The modern study of mineralogy can be trackedbacktoTheoprastus (387-272 BC) whowrotetheearlistpreservedbookdealingwithminerals, titled «On Stones». Some 400 yearslater, PlinyandElder, who met his death at pompei, provided us with an encyclopedicreview of mineralogy as it appliedtothemetslliccores, gemstonesandpigments in use of Roman empirecirca 77AD. Some 1500 yearslater (1556) GermanphysicianandminingengineerGeorgiousBauer, provideddetaileddescriptionsanddefinedphysicalpropertiessuch as hardnessandcleavagethatcontinuetoprovidethebasisforhand-sampleidentification of minerals. Themostdrematicprogress in ustructures.nderstandingmineralscamefromthediscovery of X rays. In 1920 MaxvonLaune (1879-1960) demostratedthatcrystalswoulddiffract X-rays, thusprovidingthatmineralsposseses a regularandrepeatingarrangments of atoms. Afterthanmanyresearcher had used X-raystodeterminethecrystalstructure of minerals. Duringthetwentiethcentury a widevariety of instrumentation has beendevelopedtoimproveourabilitytodeterminethechemicalcompositions of mineralsandrefineourunderstanding of theircrystalstructures.

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