European Colonization in Africa: Exploitation and Resentment among Africans

1. What does this picture imply about European countries and their relationship with Africa?

2. Take out a sheet of paper and write the word "Africa". What five words come to mind when you think of "Africa"? A F R I C A

3. People have lived in Africa south of the Sahara for tens of thousands of years. Cave and rock paintings show that early people were hunters and gatherers, and later people were farmers and herders.

4. Bantu Migration 600 – 1000 AD • Bantu peoples spread across central and southern Africa. • They established states in present-day Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. • Today 60 million Bantu speakers live in Africa.

5. European Colonization? Why ? In search of Ivory, Gold, Diamonds and other natural resources

6. Slave Trade • Africa’s slave trade greatly increased when Europeans began shipping enslaved Africans to the Americas to work on large plantations where sugar, tobacco, rice, and cotton were grown.  • 28 million Africans were forcibly removed from Africa. West Indies used the most slaves. Brazil largest single country to use slaves.

7. African cities at the beginning of colonization were located on the coast for trade purposes. • By the 1600s and 1700s, the Europeans were trading with Africans for ivory, gold, textiles, and enslaved workers. • Europeans did not travel inland because: • TseTse Fly – an insect that kills cattle and causes sleeping sickness in humans plus other insects that carried Malaria. • Rough terrain & hostile tribes ( Zulu)

8. Colonialism in Africa

9. France had a series of wars that left them poor and weak. • Unable to travel to far from France, its African colonies ( light green ) were located nearby • Many people in Western Africa still speak French today.

10. Spain concentrated its colonization in the Americas. • The colonies of Rio de Oro and Spanish Guinea were used as a shipping points for African slaves going to the Americas. The Portuguese had colonies in Angola, Benin, Mozambique and both the Cape Verde and Principe islands.

11. Belgium colonized the central part of Africa, namely the Congo. The Netherlands colonized South Africa. The British colonized South Africa, Rhodesia, Botswana, Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Kenya, Sudan, Egypt.

12. Germany did not begin colonization until 1871 because they did not become a unified country until then they were able to gain Cameroon and German SW Africa and East Africa. • Germany lost their African colonies when they lost World War I Italy was last to colonize Africa. There was little left when Italy got there Italy conquered Ethiopia. They occupied the land from 1936-1941. Italy also conquered Libya

13. How might European colonial activities in Africa have created resentment among Africans? Answer Europeans exploited Africa for their own economies. They enslaved Africans, redrew national borders, and promoted their own cultures while undermining African cultures.

14. From colonies to independent countries Independence for most African nations from colonialism – 1960-1980 Results of colonialism : • Initially, the West African empires grew rich through trade. - Then the slave trade grew, and the African empires were taken over by Europeans. -There was ethnic unrest, and genocide later in African history because of arbitrary drawing of borderlines by the European colonizers w/o regard of ethnic boundaries

15. From colonies to independent countries South Africa’s Road to Freedom * Until the 1990s, the South African government’s apartheid policy denied black and other non-European South Africans many opportunities and basic freedoms. Internal unrest and international protest helped to end apartheid. In 1994, South Africa held its first election in which all adult citizens were allowed to vote.  With the help of the African National Council, Nelson Mandele became South Africa’s first black president.