Baseline Research: Local Monitoring of Migration Impact on Youth Employment

1. Baseline Research: Local Monitoring of Migration Impact on Youth Employment Information Basis and Methodology Joint UNECE – UNFPA Workshop on Migration Statistics 26-27 October, 2011 Antalya Yelda DEVLET KARAPINAR IOM Turkey 1

2. Outline of Presentation Introductory Remarks on Global Youth, Unemployment and Migration IOM and YEM Engagement in Turkey The Baseline Research Objective Administrative process Methodology Key Findings

3. Global Youth, Unemployment and Migration More than one billion youth (1) live in the world today; which accounts for 18% of the world’s population.(2) Youth face high unemployment and account for nearly half of the world’s total unemployed. They comprise of 25% of the working age population over 15 years of age. Globally there are an estimated 33 million migrants under the age of 20 years, which represents approximately 15 per cent of the total migrant population.(3) An estimated 11 million of this figure are aged between 15 and 19 years.(4) As of July 2011, the youth (15-24 age) unemployment rate in Turkey was 18.3% (1)UNICEF, Fact Sheet on Children, Adolescents and Migration: Filling the Evidence Gap. November 2010. (2)As above above. (3)IOM uses the UN definition of ‘youth’, as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years. (4) http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/qanda.htm

4. Overview of IOM and YEM Engagement • National Level: • Adaptation and implementation of employment policies considering migrant youth • Migration and youth employment aspects included in the National Youth Employment Action Plan (NEAP) • Institutional awareness advanced on migration management • Local Level: • Baseline research on migration and youth unemployment nexus • Basic life skills training programme for unemployed migrant youth • Local authorities put specific interventions in place to address the employment and employability issues of young migrants, including young women in Antalya

5. Why Antalya • Antalya is the highest migration receiving city with its nearly 2 million population as of 2011. • Existence of huge gap between market needs and existing human resources related to youth unemployment. • Promising stakeholder structure with an operating Turkish Employment Institution.

6. The Baseline Research_Objective Local monitoring of migration impacts on the labour market and employment through processing and analyzing available national data and field work in Antalya. • Understand effects of migration on occupational labour market changes • Identify factors contributing to the persistently high rates of youth unemployment • Analysis of key trends in migration including seasonal, short/long term and international, and their impact on youth, women and labour market in Antalya. • Identify available employment opportunities for youth and women.

7. The Baseline Research_Administrative Process Quantitative Part Focus: individuals registered in the Address Based Population Registration System Qualitative Part Focus: individuals (un)registered in the Address Based Population Registration System Cooperation with Turkish Statistical Institution (TURKSTAT) (2000 Household Survey in Antalya) Cooperation with a research team of six academics

8. Qualitative Part Research team set up Secondary analysis of available data and literature review on youth migration and employment Design of qualitative part (about 50 in-depth interviews of youth 15-29 years and 8 focus groups) Question guideline for the in-depth interviews and focus groups Migrants Women Unemployed Casual laborers, etc. Stratify survey of stakeholders + identify likely hotspots Schedule and transcript of interviews and focus groups Final Part Triangulate the data Quantitative Part Research design and sampling Sample survey (individual&household) Address blocs for 2000 households in migration prone areas of Antalya Training of interviewers and controllers Structured household and individual interviews Development of data entry programme Encoding of collected data Preparation of data sets and tabling Reporting The Baseline Research_Methodology I

9. The Quantitative Part • Household interview content • Household property and consumption level • Migration and Mobility • Literacy and Education Status • Employment • Response Rate • 1456 household survey filled (%72.8) • 4511 individuals in the households interviewed (2201male and 2310female) • 327 household unreachable (%16/4) • 42 household rejected to have interview (%2.1) • Individual interview content • Education background • Marital Status • Migration History • Employment History • Perception towards working life • Response Rate • 1009 interviewed out of 1456 household. • 478 male and 531 female interviewed between 15-29 age.

10. The Qualitative Part In depth interview content Sex Age Education Marital Status Employment Economic Sector Place migrated from duration in Antalya in years 50 in-depth interviews of youth 15-29 years 8 focus groups

11. The Baseline Research_Key Findings Factors affecting young people’s work experience in terms of; migration, education, sector, urban integration and benefit from Turkish Employment Agency (Iskur)

12. Factor 1:Education Primary, secondary and even university graduates do the same kind of work marks that education is unable to fulfill its expected function of providing upward social mobility. Socio-economic conditions of the family, place of living, region from and the quality of schools and teachers are determining factors in the professional lives of young people. In other words, migrant/ immigrant young people participating in the labor force do not benefit from the advantages of their education.

13. Factor 1I:Sectors and Integration Tourism, agriculture, construction and industrial sectors are particularly open to young migrants These non–industry three-sectors function as an entrance gate to the labor market for migrant youth with low levels of education whereas the inhabitants are not keen to get involved. Informal, unsecured working migrants, especially high school graduates working in the tourism sector, consider this work temporary and good only if they are single. Temporary work poses barriers against acquiring new skills and experience so does not promise any better career. Breaking this cycle requires young people become more skilled through vocational training or being institutionally supported for those who want to establish their own businesses. Migrants who settled in Antalya and participated in the labor market express feelings and perceptions of marginalization and disintegration which they cannot overcome.

14. Turkish Employment Institution The relations of migrants with İşkur have to be examined in the context of the use of opportunities offered in Antalya. The skills and vocational training courses of İşkur are especially found to be important and essential for young people who seek sustainability in their jobs or who want to have a family and to move to adulthood.

15. Thank you… Yelda DEVLET KARAPINAR devlety@iom.int +90 312 454 11 42 +90 530 601 66 96