Port constitutive elements & boundaries Trafi seminar - Helsinki, September, 16 & 17 2014

1. Port constitutive elements & boundaries Trafiseminar - Helsinki, September, 16 & 17 2014 EU Commission -Technical Aspects of Port Area Security (TAPS II) developed in accordance with Annex I of the Administrative Arrangement No TREN/08/ST/S07/95282 between DG MOVE and DG JRC

2. TAPS II Purpose TAPS II study addressed the security of the EU port areas and the application of Directive 65/2005, including the protection of EU ports from the waterside. The work focused primarily on the methodology applied or applicable in EU ports for the efficient application of the directive and the technical/scientific aspects/means for its implementation.

3. TAPS II Terms of reference Legal requirements of Directive 65 Port protection from the waterside Definition of port boundaries Security of facilities not being port facilities Coordination of port facilities and port security TAPS II Work planning – 5 work packages (WP): Definition and context – Systemic outlook of the port Port boundaries Waterside port area control (surface and underwater) Public infrastructure and non-port facilities Coordination aspects

4. The definition of ort boundaries Contents • Port evolution and consequences • Defining port boundaries : a complex approach • Crossed vulnerability in a complex environment • Boundaries as a phisical limit or as a domain • Port essential and cohesion elements • Proposal for port boundaries definition

5. Old ports - city ports • general cargo • close to core-part of hosting cities. • expansion of backup areas hardly possible port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

6. Port evolution • new port functions (e.g. industrial function) • new ships sizes • new operational requirements • containers and technological evolution of intermodal transport • ro – ro ports changes port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

7. Consequences • impact on inter-land and inter-land connections (roads, railways, waterways) • Need for new facilities and new locations Port facilities moved toward peripheral or seaward areas, far from the core of hosting cities port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

8. The three phases of port expansion according Any port model • The process caused port sites adjacent to towns to become obsolete and to be abandoned, ready for a reconversion process. port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

9. History, tradition, evolution and development,legaland administrativeframeworks port layout, port boundaries, links with hosting cities and “urban areas”. port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

10. The result of this evolution: the port layout • several factors involved: geographical, historical, political, operational, etc. • New ports - old city ports port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

11. ports and hosting city relationsaffected by several factors: - laws and rules, historical and social, geographical and morphological aspects, functional requirements, etc. • The waterfront: a complex struggle port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

12. How to define boundaries in a complex environment • Minimum effort approach • Functional approach • Port lay-out approach port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

13. The systemic approach • the port is a complex entity resulting to a complex security system • all port areas which have a role in the economy of the port • port operationsare the complex result of combined activities which have their centres inside the port. • vulnerabilities and risks according a more complex evaluation port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

14. The use of a systemic approach will help in: • including all the important or essentialfunctions of the port; • considering crossedvulnerabilities among port areas and the entire port; • avoiding too fragmentedboundaries; • reaching a proper rate of coherence in port security measures • addingvalue to the security of port areas and facilities in comparison to the other considered approaches. port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

15. According this approach the vulnerability of a system depends on the vulnerability of all its components • A more complete vision of the port system does not implythe automatic application of similar security measures • Security measures are to be defined according clusters of similar areas port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

16. Security crossed vulnerabilities port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

17. Definition of port boundaries • Boundaries as a physical limit • Boundaries as a domain 2 interlinked concepts : - How boundaries should be defined? - what a port should consist of? port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

18. Port boundaries as a physical limit • land boundaries • Waterside boundaries: - one of the most important essential elementsof the ports; - strong port cohesion element between different port facilities and port areas - a clear postulate of art. 3.1 of the Directive 65/2005 port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

19. Port boundaries as a domain

20. Parameters affecting port boundaries definition • port cohesion elements • Freight type, geographic location, sea and land access, urban aspect • port size • Cross coupled vulnerability • Need for homogenous & continuous security measures • port area clusters port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

21. Port essential elements • PFs • main port infrastructure • water zones and access • inland access • essential port services • general port services • emergency services • Other port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

22. Port essential elements = cohesion elements • PFs • main port infrastructure • water zones and access • inland access • essential port services • general port services • emergency services • Other port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

24. Port boundary definition process 2 consequent phases : a) port essential elements definition b) port additional elements definition port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

25. 1° Phase • Identification of all port essential constitutive elements • Identification of a list of port facilities • Mapping of port cohesion elements vs port facilities • Identification of relation and interdipendence between port facilities and port constitutive elements Identification of port essential elements including a list of port facilities as part of the same port port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

26. port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

27. Completing the process 2° Phase • Identification of additional elements • Verification of the port layout • Consideration of crossed vulnerabilities (waterzones) and Permeability to external agents • Identification of smart pragmatic solutions (orography, roads network, port infrastructure) • Avoiding too fragmented boundaries port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

28. identification of additional elements (areas, assets, infrastructure) port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

29. The final goal : The definition of port boundaries port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

30. Additional notes • careful consideration should be given to the presence (permanent or occasional) of dangerous goods • The inclusion of an area in the port security boundaries doesn’t mean that it has to be fenced or submitted to access restrictions • clusters of homogenous areas, in terms of access restrictions, risks and potential incident effects should be identified • Areas not considered in this process will be out of the application of any security measures and will not contribute to the security of the port at all. port evolution - a complex approach - crossed vulnerabilities - port boundaries – port cohesion elements – proposals

31. Port boundary definition process

32. Guidelines for the definition of port boundaries under Directive 2005/65/EC developed by DG MOVE and agreed by Members States within the MARSEC Committee • MARSEC 5110 – Rev.1

33. Thank you for your attention! Cmdr Massimo Mosconi Italian Coast Guard- Genoa District Office Via MagazziniGenerali n. 4 16123- GENOVA (ITALY) +39 010 2777496 massimo.mosconi@mit.gov.it