What Would You See if you Were On a Nucleus?

1. What Would You See if you Were On a Nucleus?

2. Topics for Today • Elements and Atoms and Molecules, oh boy • Inside the Atom • Mass Number and Isotopes • More on Radon

3. Readings in Text 1.7 Atoms & Molecules 2.2 Atomic Structure and Periodicity

4. Topics for Friday • Quiz #1 at the end of the period. • You can find the practice questions on the course website (News of the Week on the Monthly Calender).

5. What is radiation? How do radioactive substances behave?

6. Topics for Friday • Radiation • History and discovery of radioactivity • Alpha, beta, and gamma decay • Quiz #1

7. Readings • Chapter 2 on the electromagnetic spectrum (page 75) • Chapter 7.7 - What is radioactivity? How are gamma rays different than visible light? How are they similar?

8. Announcements • Assignment #1 is due in your TA’s email Inbox Monday before lecture! • Please send to your TA and myself! • See the course website for the full details!

9. PRELAB QUIZ for Week #2 Due before your lab next week Unlimited number of tries allowed this week only.

10. Topics for Today • Elements and Atoms and Molecules, oh boy • Inside the Atom • Mass Number and Isotopes • More on Radon

11. Handout

12. ELEMENT: Eleven elements make up over 99% of your body. Which ones?

13. Chapter 11 (page 488) • Elements in the human body Figure 11.3 and Table 11.2 Which compound is most abundant in your body?

14. Rn 86 Review - Elements • One of the hundred or so symbols on the periodic table. • Which ones do you need to know?

15. Interlude

16. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that we can identify as the element. Can we SEE atoms?

17. Microscopes

18. Copper Surface Scanning Tunneling Microscope

19. What is wrong with this picture?

20. What is wrong with this picture? • How big are these atoms?

21. Short Answer The diameter is around 1 to 5 x 10-10 meters Or 0.0000000001 meters! How small is this?

22. Powers of 10 Website • http://molecular.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/powersof10/index.html

23. A pinhead is about 1 x 10-3 meters (1 mm) in diameter • Therefore, more than 1,000,000 atoms can fit across a pinhead!

24. ~3 x 10-10 meters in diameter (~300 x 10-12 meter)

25. ~3 x 10-10 meter • The nucleus is about 1/100,000 of the diameter.

26. Back to the Pinheads • What if the nucleus had a diameter of a pinhead (1 mm)?

27. Back to the Pinheads • What if the nucleus had a diameter of a pinhead (1 mm)? How big would the atom be?

28. Back to the Pinheads • What if the nucleus had a diameter of a pinhead (1 mm)? How big would the atom be? 10 meters!

29. If the nucleus were 10 cm in diameter, then… the edge of the atom would be 1,000,000 cm or 10,000 meters or 6 miles away! 10 cm

30. If the nucleus were 10 cm in diameter, then… the edge of the atom would be 1,000,000 cm or 10,000 meters or 6 miles away! 10 cm SO, what would you see if you were on the nucleus?

32. A whole lot of empty space…

33. What is in an atom?

34. Charge Location Mass

35. Where is the mass located? Charge Location Mass

36. Charge Location Mass What gives an atom its volume?

37. Back to Radon… Atomic Number (protons), Z

38. X A Z How else can we write this? X = Element Symbol from periodic table A = Mass number (protons + neutrons) Z = Number of Protons

39. X A Z How else can we write this? Try this for radon-222! X = Element Symbol from periodic table A = Mass number (protons + neutrons) Z = Number of Protons

40. 222 86 Rn radon-222

41. For the quiz… • Calculators are OK. Cannot use any calculators with memory!

42. Quiz Cont… • Please sit ONLY in the ‘dark’ colored seats!

43. Back to the Atom…

44. 222 86 Rn radon-222 Is this needed?

45. 222 86 Rn 222Rn radon-222 How about this?

46. 224 86 223 86 222 86 221 86 Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn 220 86 219 86 218 86 217 86 216 86 215 86 214 86 213 86 212 86 211 86 210 86 209 86 208 86 207 86 206 86 205 86

47. 224 86 223 86 222 86 221 86 These are the _______ of radon. Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn 220 86 219 86 218 86 217 86 216 86 215 86 214 86 213 86 212 86 211 86 210 86 209 86 208 86 207 86 206 86 205 86

48. 224 86 223 86 222 86 221 86 These are the isotopes of radon. Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn 220 86 219 86 218 86 217 86 216 86 215 86 214 86 213 86 212 86 211 86 210 86 209 86 208 86 207 86 206 86 205 86

49. 224 86 223 86 222 86 221 86 What do these isotopes have in common? Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn 220 86 219 86 218 86 217 86 How do they differ? 216 86 215 86 214 86 213 86 212 86 211 86 210 86 209 86 208 86 207 86 206 86 205 86

50. All the atoms of an element have the same number of ___________, … but the isotopes of an element differ in the number of ___________.