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9/29 – Compelling Question. What are some reasons Europeans would want to explore other parts of the world?. 9/30 – Compelling Question. Do governmental leaders have a right to expand their territory?. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. Fall of Rome.
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9/29 – Compelling Question • What are some reasons Europeans would want to explore other parts of the world?
9/30 – Compelling Question • Do governmental leaders have a right to expand their territory?
Fall of Rome • After Rome was destroyed by invading barbarian tribes, all that was left was the Eastern part of the Empire. • This was called the Byzantine Empire. • It’s capital was Constantinople, named after Emperor Constantine.
Turks Move Into Byzantium • Byzantine Empire was declining • Anatolia was inhabited mostly by Islamic Turks. • They saw themselves as “ghazis” – warriors of Islam. • Osman was the greatest ghazi of all. • He built up a small kingdom in Anatolia between 1300 and 1326.
Ottoman Military Success • Ottomans – Followers of Osman were very successful • Knew how to use gunpowder for muskets and cannons • Orkhan I – Osman’s son declares himself “sultan”. • 1361 – Conquers Adrianople – 2nd largest Byzantine city.
The Emerging Ottoman Empire • The Ottoman’s improved the lives of conquered people. • Ruled through local officials hired by the sultan. • All Muslims were required to serve in the Ottoman military. • Non-Muslims had to pay tax instead.
Expansion • Orkhan son’s fought over who would rule. (Mehmed I became sultan) • His son, Murad II, conquered Venice, invaded Hungary, and defeated Italian crusaders. • Murad’s son, Mehmed II, conquered Constantinople (Capital of Byzantines)
Mehmed the Conquerer • After sacking Constantinople he opened it up to people from all religions. • Christians and Jews. • All helped rebuild city into greatest in world. • Now called “Instanbul”. • Mehmed II’s grandson, Selim the Grim, conquered North Africa, Egypt, Jerusalem, and Mecca.
Bell Ringer 2/9 • What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire? Who conquered it? What did he rename it?
Current Events 2/9 • 1) Why are the leaders of France, Germany, Russia and Ukraine meeting today? • 2) In what country is there fighting going on in Europe? • 3) What is Great Britains national anthem? • 4) Who is currently the head monarch of Great Britain? • 5) What were the Crusades?
Suleyman the Lawgiver • 1520 – Selim’s son, Suleyman, came to the throne. • Known to Europeans as Suleyman the Magnificent. • Increased empires size and grandeur. • Threatened to take over Europe. • Was most powerful man in world.
Suleiman • Ruled from 1520-1566 • Made Ottoman Empire the richest & most powerful empire in Europe and Southwest Asia at the time
Suleiman • Greatest Ottoman leader of all time • Brought justice & harmony by publishing a code of laws (“The Lawgiver”) • Feared & respected by Europeans • Turned Istanbul into a great center of art, music, writing, and philosophy • Wrote some of the most beautiful poetry of his time
Expansion • Suleiman believed that the entire world was his possession as a gift of God. • Vast amounts of Islamic territories were annexed or invaded. • Very strong military • Expert in developing gunpowder as a military tool
The Muslim Ottoman Empire eventually controlled what is now: • Turkey • Egypt • Greece • Bulgaria • Romania • Macedonia • Hungary • Palestine • Jordan • Lebanon • Syria • Much of the coastal strip of North Africa • Parts of Arabia
Trade Located on major trade routes between Europe & Asia Some goods traded were: • Silk & other cloth • Rhubarb • Porcelain from China • Spices such as pepper • Dyes such as indigo
