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HUMAN EVOLUTION

PART III. HUMAN EVOLUTION. THINKING ABOUT ORIGINS OF MAN AND CULTURE. Belén Pena. HUMAN EVOLUTION REVIEW. CULTURAL TRENDS & HUMAN EVOLUTION. PALAEOLITHIC THE OLD STONE AGE. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION. Hunter-gatherer analogy Small group, low population density, nomadism, kinship groups

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HUMAN EVOLUTION

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  1. PART III HUMAN EVOLUTION THINKING ABOUT ORIGINS OF MAN AND CULTURE Belén Pena

  2. HUMAN EVOLUTIONREVIEW

  3. CULTURAL TRENDS & HUMAN EVOLUTION

  4. PALAEOLITHICTHE OLD STONE AGE

  5. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION • Hunter-gatherer analogy • Small group, low population density, nomadism, kinship groups • Migration • North America was the last colonized by hominids. • Beringia (land bridge) between Russia and Alaska • Asian origin of Native Americans • 30,000 to 12,000 years B.P. was first migration

  6. UPPER PALAEOLITHIC, Hotbed of Culture Top: Straw Hut Left: Mammoth bone hut Bottom: Tool progression • 40 – 10k yBP • Shelters • 15,000 yBP Ukraine • Some made with mammoth bones • Wood, leather working; carpentry • Tools • From cores to blades • Specialization • Composite tools • Bow and arrow • Domestication of dogs • Gathering rather than hunting became the mainstay of human economies.

  7. EUROPEAN UPPER PALEOLITHIC Chatelperronian 40-35 kya mix of Middle & Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian 34-30 kya split-based points Perigorian 32-22 kya blades Solutrian 22-18 kya bi-facial points on blades Magdalenian 18-11 kyaharpoons with barbs

  8. ARCHAIC H. sapiens ART • Cave Art • Traces of art found in beads, carvings, and paintings • Cave paintings in Spain and southern France showed a marked degree of skill • Mobiliar Art . Female figurines • 27,000 to 22,000 years B.P. • Called “venuses,” these figurines depicted women with large breasts and broad hips • Perhaps it was an example of an ideal type, or perhaps an expression of a desire for fertility

  9. CAVE PAINTINGSARCHAIC H. sapiens CULTURE • Cave paintings • Mostly animals on bare walls • Subjects were animals favored for their meat and skins • Human figures were rarely drawn due to taboos and fears that it would somehow harm others Cave paintings from 20,000 years ago at Vallon-Pont-d’Arc in southern France (left) and from Lascaux, in southwest France

  10. ALTAMIRA CAVE SPAIN 1st discovered 1868 1st Paleolithic rupestrian(made of/written on rock)art “discovery” Gallery of Bulls found in 1879 (left)

  11. 1868 – a hunter followed his dog along a hill (near Altamira) on the northern Spanish Coast…

  12. Maria de Sautuola, 1879 daughter of Marcelino Sanz de Sautola “¡Toros pintados!”

  13. Marcelino Sanz de Sautola 1880 "Breves apuntes sobre algunos objetos prehistóricos de la provincia de Santander" “Brief notes about some prehistoric objects of the Santander province”

  14. ALTAMIRA CAVE, SPAIN The Sistine Chapel of Prehistory, 15 kya While Aurignacian cultural period is represented, most Altamira paintings represent the later, Solutrean and Magdalenian periods.

  15. Altamira Cave, Spain The Sistine Chapel of Prehistory, 15 kya

  16. Critics of de Sautola’s interpretations: Altamira paintings were, “the expression of a mediocre student of the modern school…” More discoveries later led to professional apologies

  17. LASCAUX CAVE One of the World’s Artistic Archaeological Wonders 17 kya

  18. Lascaux Cave Landscape southwestern France near the Vézère River

  19. Lascaux Cave A Teenage Discovery in 1940

  20. Painted Gallery

  21. Painted Gallery Entrance (stag) Painted Gallery back wall (bison)

  22. Great Hall of the Bulls

  23. Great Hall of the Bulls

  24. Main Gallery Black Cow Panel & quadrangular signs

  25. Main Gallery’s end & shaft

  26. Scene of Dead Man, Shaft of the Dead Man

  27. Painting techniques Sandstone oil lamp

  28. Painting techniques

  29. MOBILIARY ART A l g e r i a

  30. MOBILIARY ART • Modelling, carving, engraving

  31. MOBILIARY ART

  32. Algeria Tassili N'Ajjer mountain range in the Sahara Desert

  33. Algeria “Crying Cows” Sandstone rock Shelter (may be 6 kyold) Also, panels with extinct giant buffalo…

  34. Namibia Apollo Cave, Hun Mountains, 26-28 kya Among the oldest dated paintings in the world

  35. Namibia 26-28 kya Rock Art,

  36. Rock art sites in southern and sub-Saharan Africa approx 1 meter long 6 ky-old rock engraving extinct giant buffalo) central South Africa

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