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Learning Perspective

Learning Perspective. Personality. Learning Perspective: To best understand personality, we need to consider the situation the person is in, how that person thinks, and how that person interacts socially. Social-Cognitive Learning School (theory). Observational learning Cognitive processes.

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Learning Perspective

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  1. Learning Perspective

  2. Personality • Learning Perspective: • To best understand personality, we need to consider the situation the person is in, how that person thinks, and how that person interacts socially.

  3. Social-Cognitive Learning School (theory) • Observational learning • Cognitive processes

  4. Perceptions of Control: Julian Rotter (S-C L.S.) • Emphasize our perception of personal control. • Locus of control = a general expectation about whether the results of your actions are under your own control or beyond your control.

  5. Locus of control: Two Types • External Locus of Control = the perception that chance or outside forces determine their fate. • Internal Locus of control = the perception that one controls one’s own fate.

  6. Results from numerous studies • Internals achieve more in school, enjoy better health, and feel less depressed than do externals.

  7. Two psychological conditions • This can happen as a result of having an extreme external locus of control. • 1. Learned helplessness: repeatedly faced with traumatic events over which a person has no control, he/she come to feel helpless, hopeless, and depressed. Passive resignation.

  8. Learned Helplessness • Abused and discouraged children, battered wives, POWs, depressed patients, etc.

  9. Second condition This can happen once either an internal or external Locus of Control is established. 2. Self-fulfilling prophecy = the person’s expectations lead to behavior that makes the prediction come true. Ex. People who expect to be rejected (“No one could love someone like me”) often behave in ways that cause their partners to eventually reject them.

  10. Locus of Control in practice • Can change. • Personality Theory is used by many psychologists to help clients. Cognitive-behavioral therapy cognitive emphasis on thoughts and attitudes with behavioral strategies.

  11. Evaluating S-C L Theory • Focus so much on the situation that it fails to appreciate the person’s inner traits. • What about our unconscious motives and our emotions?

  12. What is strong element/good about the theory? • Perceptions of Control: Julian Rotter

  13. The End Psychology

  14. Operant Conditioning (1st theory) • Ignores the unconscious • Behavior is determined by environmental stimuli. • Response tendencies are acquired through learning and conditioning. • B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

  15. B. F. Skinner • Strict religious upbringing • Hot coals • Our behavior is conditioned: • According to Skinner, Jane works hard b/c this behavior earns rewards for Jane. Therefore she will repeat this behavior in the future. • Our behavior is shaped by rewards/punishments.

  16. Albert Bandura (2nd theory) • Observational Learning • Personality comes from modeling/observational learning: we mimic what we see/hear/experience from our environment. We learn to not mimic certain behaviors if we see someone being punished for that behavior.

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