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The ABC-Pyr : a scientific laboratory at 5079 m asl for the study of

The ABC-Pyr : a scientific laboratory at 5079 m asl for the study of atmospheric composition change and climate. Paolo Bonasoni 1 & Paolo Laj 2.

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The ABC-Pyr : a scientific laboratory at 5079 m asl for the study of

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  1. TheABC-Pyr: a scientific laboratory at 5079 m asl for the study of atmospheric composition change and climate Paolo Bonasoni1& Paolo Laj2 U.Bonafè1, F.Calzolari1, P.Cristofanelli1, A.Marinoni1, F.Roccato1, MC.Facchini1, S.Fuzzi1, GP.Gobbi1, JM.Pichon2, H. Venzac2, K.Sellegri2, P.Villani2, M.Maio-ne3, J.Arduini3, A.Petzold4, E.Villermoz5 1. CNR - Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy 2. CNRS - Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière Cedex, France 3. Urbino University, Department of Environmental Science 4. DLR – Institute of Atmospheric Physics 5. EV-K2-CNR Committee

  2. Coordinate: Lat. N 27°57'28.1" Lon. E 86°48'53.6" Altitude: 5079 m asl

  3. Implementation Plan for the ABC-Pyr Laboratory April 2005 - Contract is signed between CNR-ISAC and EvK2 May 2005 - The ABC-Pyr site in the Himalayas has been chosen, in order to carry out representative measurements of atmospheric compounds May-September 2005 - Scientific discussions for the implementation plan among partners June- October 2005- Acquisition and Construction of instrumentation and inlets. Development of data acquisition and trasmission procedures Sept.-Oct.-Nov. 2005 - ABC-Pyr laboratory mounted and tested in Bologna with full instrumentation November 2005 - ABC-Pyr laboratory sent to Nepal (20m3) January-February 2006 - ABC-Pyr laboratory mounted and first measurements performed From March 2006 - Monitoring operations

  4. The ABC-Pyr technological goal In the Himalayas the experimental activity will be realized using renewable energy from 112 photovoltaic panels and 120 electric storage cells as well as state-of-the-art data acquisition and satellite communication systems.

  5. State-of-the-art data acquisition and co mmunication systems The data are sent to the CNR Institute where they can be accessed by different Institutions that provide QA/QC. SHELTER pyra PYRAMID CNR – ISAC Bologna The remote control of the instruments will be possible from CNR and CNRS Institutes. mide CNR-ISAC OPGC-CNRS DLR UNI-URB EV-K2-CNR QA/QC UNEP – ABC

  6. This is anexample of the system check using NAGIOS software, that can be carried out via satellite

  7. electric storage cells 2.4 m Laboratory 4 m 2.4 m capacity-building plan to establish and develop a scientific research laboratory at high altitude (5079 m) for continuous atmospheric compound measurements 20 aluminum panels Weight = 650 kg It can be completely dismounted in order to favour transportation at 5000 m by helicopter and sherpa.

  8. 5 holes on the roof: 3 for aerosol inlets 1 for ozone and aerosol 1 free Two aluminum roofs, covered with a UV protective waterproof sheet

  9. The instrumental set up has been defined also in accordance with the ABC project and concerns the measurement of atmospheric aerosol tropospheric ozone, halocarbons and other greenhouse gases. properties,

  10. Type of measurement Instrument

  11. Type of measurements In the first year the HVS procedure (sampling and shipping included) will be tested. Instrument Positive test results will allow the analysis of inorganic components, transition metals and organic fraction, to be performed later at the ISAC-CNR.

  12. Type of measurements Instrument

  13. Type of measurements Instrument

  14. Type of measurements

  15. Type of measurements

  16. Type of measurements C2F6, SF6, HFC-23, Halon 1301, CFC-115, HFC-125, HFC-143, CFC-12, HCFC-22, CH3Cl, HFC-134a, Halon 1211, HFC-152b, CFC-114, CH3Br, HCFC-142b, HCFC-124b, CFC-11, CH3I, CH2Cl2, HCFC-141b, CFC-113, CHCl3, CCl4, CHCCl3, CH3CCl3, C2Cl4 25 Halocarbons relevant for climate issues will be analysed in grab samples collected weekly Instrument

  17. Type of measurement Instrument

  18. Type of measurements Instrument

  19. ABC-Pyr Laboratory 2006-2008

  20. Implementation Plan for the ABC-Pyr Laboratory • OPGC-CNRS • DMPS/SMPS system • Nephelometer inversion procedure • HiVOl sampler for Chemistry • PM10 /PM1 inlets • O3 data acquisition DLR - IAP MAAP firmware, acquisition and inversion procedure • ISAC-CNR • OPC inversion procedure • Sampling systems for GHG • Inlets for O3, OPC and MAAP • OPCacquisition software • MAAP acquisition softare • O3 sampler • Overall control of instrumentation • Data transmission systems • Shelter instrument remote controls CNR-ISAC / OPGC-CNRS 12/10/05-30/10/05 Assembling the ABC-Pyr Lab and first tests URBINO UNIVERSITY Halocarbons & GHG

  21. Tests performed in Bologna DMPS-SMPS-OPC Size distribution of particles (15-1500 nm)

  22. Tests performed in Bologna DMPS-SMPS-OPC Size distribution of particles (15-1500 nm) Nephelometer Size distribution of particles (15-500 nm)

  23. Tests performed in Bologna DMPS-SMPS-OPC Size distribution of particles (15-1500 nm) Nephelometer Size distribution of particles (15-500 nm) MAAP BC concentration and aerosol absorption coeff.

  24. Tests performed in Bologna DMPS-SMPS-OPC Size distribution of particles (15-1500 nm) Nephelometer Size distribution of particles (15-500 nm) MAAP BC concentration and aerosol absorption coeff. TEI 49C Ozone Concentrations

  25. Tests performed in Bologna DMPS-SMPS-OPC Size distribution of particles (15-1500 nm) Nephelometer Size distribution of particles (15-500 nm) MAAP BC concentration and aerosol absorption coeff. TEI 49C Ozone Concentrations Hi Vol Sampler + inlets

  26. Tests performed in Bologna • All instruments have been accessed directly from ISAC and from OPGC in Clermont-Ferrand through satellite connection • Instrumentation and remote communication with the ABC-pyramid laboratory appear to work properly • Quality control for instrumentation and data reduction will be performed according to EUSAAR / GAW / AGAGE procedures for aerosols and gases. • Ready to study the BBC (Bologna Brown Cloud)…. DMPS-SMPS-OPC Size distribution of particles (15-1500 nm) Nephelometer Size distribution of particles (15-500 nm) MAAP BC concentration and aerosol absorption coeff. TEI 49C Ozone Concentrations Hi Vol Sampler + inlets

  27. January – February 2006 Implementation at high altitude A Technical and Scientific Challenge : how to make this damned lab work properly !!! • ISAC and OGPC have experience with monitoring at high altitude but we can anticipate : • Rime formation on the inlets due to the presence of supercooled clouds • Re-calibrating all inlets and measurement systems for low pressure conditions • Measurements under either very dry or very wet conditions for nephelometers or DMPS • Cannot exclude flaws in the acquisition or data transmission procedures • Overcome power limitation for Hi-Vol sampler • Technology transfer to local personnel: not plug-and-play instruments

  28. Use of Scientific Results • to obtain a chemical climatology of aerosol properties (optical, chemical and physical) at the high elevation site ABC-Pyr over the duration of the SHARE Asia experiment; • to evaluate temporal trends of aerosol composition as a function of sources/transport; • to evaluate the variations of radiative forcing produced by aerosols; • to study the background ozone behavior and evaluate the contributions of stratospheric ozone intrusions as well as long range and regional transport of polluted air masses • To monitor the concentration trends of major Halocarbons and greenhouse gases

  29. Conclusions • A unique laboratory for investigating composition changes • A team of skilled scientists and engineers (ISAC-CNR, OPGC-CNRS, DLR) to develop and operate the laboratory • Possible addition of other instruments in the future • But we shall not underestimate the technical difficulties to be dealt with in order to operate the ABC-Pyr laboratory.

  30. The scientific Team in Bologna

  31. Grazie

  32. Photo: GP Verza, 18/2/2005 ABC-PYR Laboratory We chose the top of the nearest hill with a relatively free horizon. As the Pyramid is situated in a small valley, in order to carry out representative measurements of atmospheric compounds, after a careful survey we decided on the most suitable position for the

  33. Why the ABC-Pyr laboratory? To find answers to questions like • How do the physical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol change at high Himalaya altitude, with season and time? • How do aerosol size and light scatterings change during pollution and dust air masse transport? • How can stratospheric intrusions and polluted long-range transport episodes contribute to O3 concentrations? • What are the concentrations of greenhouse active and ozone-destroying halocarbons?

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