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Reign of Terror

Reign of Terror. Phase II of the French Revolution. Events leading to the radical phase – the Reign of Terror. Foreign Powers. Felt threatened by the French plague & émigré horror stories Objective was to restore monarchy and halt rev

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Reign of Terror

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  1. Reign of Terror Phase II of the French Revolution

  2. Events leading to the radical phase – the Reign of Terror

  3. Foreign Powers • Felt threatened by the French plague & émigré horror stories • Objective was to restore monarchy and halt rev • Made diplomatic miscalculation that would change direction of the revolution. • Declaration of Pilnitz • Brunswick Manifesto • This convinced people that the king was in collusion • Legislative Assembly responded by declaring war

  4. War & the September Massacres • War began poorly for the French • Brunswick Manifesto – Prussian threats • Mobs invaded the Tuilleries • French troops sent back to the front • Rumors • September Massacres killed 1000+ (precursor to Reign of Terror)

  5. Internal & External Threats

  6. Execution of the Louis XVI • Brunswick Manifesto was very provocative • Lent credence to suspicions that King was actively involved in counter-rev’y activities

  7. Formation of New Government • Radicals gained power through a parliamentary courp. • Took over the Legislative Assy. • Set aside the Constitution & called for new gov • Created the National Convention • Abolished the monarchy • Dissolved the assembly • Established a republic

  8. Jacobins & the Reign of Terror • A radical group known as the Jacobins dominate the Nat’l Convention. • Jean-Paul Marat (L’ami du Peuple) called for the execution of anyone who supported the king. • George Danton, leader of the uprising against the king & the group’s most passionate orator

  9. Maximilien Robespierre • Bourgeois turned radical • Wanted to create “republic of virtue” based on reason • Wiped out every trace of France’s past • New calendar • No Sundays • Closed churches in Paris

  10. Committee of Public Safety • Created for the purpose of carrying out the ideals of the Revolution • Robespierre was leader and became a virtual dictator • Chief task was to protect revolution from its’ enemies. • Executed any he considered “reactionaries” or “counterrevolutionaries” by guillotine • Justified use of terror ideologically

  11. Who were the enemies according to Robespierre? • Radicals who either challenged his leadership or who weren’t as radical as him. • Between 18- 40,000 were executed. • 85% were peasants, members of the urban poor or middle class for whose benefit the Revolution was waged.

  12. End of Reign Terror July 1794 Recognition that the rev had run amuck Members of the Nat’l Convention feared for their own lives Turned on Robespierre who was then executed Moderates in Nat’l Convention draft new, moderate form of gov (3rd since rev) New gov known as the Directory

  13. What was the Directory? • 1794-1799 Government with: • Bicameral legislature • Middle class members • Five-men executive body • Were moderates • Some were corrupt • Gave the country a few years of peace

  14. Place de la Jacobin

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