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Political Struggles in France

Political Struggles in France. Mr. McLaughlin. Congress of Vienna. Places Louis XVIII on the throne Ultra royalist - conservatives aristocrats who wanted the establish the old order ABSOLUTE RULE. Revolt in France. Charles X becomes King after Louis XVIII

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Political Struggles in France

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  1. Political Struggles in France Mr. McLaughlin

  2. Congress of Vienna • Places Louis XVIII on the throne • Ultra royalist- conservatives aristocrats who wanted the establish the old order • ABSOLUTE RULE

  3. Revolt in France • Charles X becomes King after Louis XVIII • He tries to pass an act to repay Aristocrats for lands lost in the French Revolution • This is an unpopular act The legislative assembly becomes more liberal due to elections

  4. The July Ordinances • Charles issues in response to the legislative assembly • The ordinances abolish freedom of the press • Restricts voting rights

  5. The Papers call for a Rebellion • July 27th, 1830—Angry Parisians storm the streets • By July 29th—”3 Glorious Days” • Revolutionaries force Charles X to give up his rights as monarch and abdicate the throne • He flees to Great Britain

  6. Louis Philippe • Cousin of Charles accepts the throne • Becomes known as the Citizen-King • He dressed and acted like a middle-class person • He supported the wealthy • People began to demand political reforms • Especially in voting rights

  7. Citizen-King • Louis Philippe refused • People appealed to the Prime Minister Francois Guizot (Gee-Zoh)

  8. Revolt of 1848 • In 1848 a political banquet was held • Guizot tries to cancel it—too late • Louis Philippe calls in the troops • The troops sympathized w/the rebels and join them • Louis Philippe fearing—abdicates and flees to Great Britain

  9. The Second Empire • France is now claiming to be a Republic • Now want a President • Extend Voting Rights to all males • Only briefly do the French enjoy the freedoms of the 1848 Revolt

  10. The Rise of Louis Napoleon

  11. Presidential Elections of 1848 • Louis Napoleon is the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte • Won overwhelmingly • Presented himself as a reformer but really wants to establish himself as Emperor • Gained the confidence of the Army, Church, middle class and peasants

  12. Support of Catholics created an uproar in Paris • Louis Napoleon uses this to show that the Republic doesn’t work • National Assembly restricted people due to the violence in Paris • Louis Napoleon uses this to his advantage • Revoked voting Rts. Of 1/3rd of the people

  13. Coup d’etat • Dec. 2, 1851 Louis Napoleon quickly seizes power • He dissolves the National Assembly • Arrest 70 of his opponents • He reestablishes voting Rts. For all French men (This makes him popular) • He calls for a plebiscite (National Vote)

  14. This gives him the right to create a new Constitution • 2nd Plebiscite vote on the constitution • 95% in favor of the new constitution that turns France from a Republic to a Heritary Empire • 1852-----Louis Napoleon becomes Napoleon III of France

  15. Results • He does have successful economic programs • Built new railroads and roads • Restricted press and civil liberties

  16. The Crimean War

  17. France and BritainvsRussia

  18. Fighting over the Ottoman Empire • Over who would protect Christians visiting the Holy sites in the Ottoman Empire • Ottoman’s pick the French • Czar Nicholas I upset—tries to extend Russian territories by expanding on the Ottoman’s land in the Balkans

  19. The Balkans

  20. France/G. Britain want to protect their trading resources in the Ottoman Empire—Middle East • Ottoman’s declare war on Russia in 1854 • France, G.B. and Sardinia (small Italian kingdom) • Most fighting takes place on the Crimean Peninsula (just into the Black Sea from the Southern Ukraine)

  21. 1854-1855 Winter Hits • Armies battled: cold, violent storms, cholera, frostbite and other diseases • Diseases caused more deaths than actual fighting • 1855 British troops capture Sebastopol (port town) • Russia is forced to make peace • 1856 Crimean War Ends

  22. Crimean Peninsula

  23. End of an Empire • Napoleon III declares war on Prussia (July 19, 1870) • He fears their growing power • Known as the Franco-Prussian War • French defeated in just over 6 weeks • Prussia wins at Sedan and take Napoleon III as a prisoner (Sept. 2)

  24. The Empire collapses (Why?) • Prussia occupies France for 4 months before a truce is signed.

  25. Peace with Prussia • French elected a new National Assembly • Surrendered the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine • Pay 5 billion francs (1billion U.S. dollars) • Prussia staged a victory march through Paris---humiliating to the French

  26. The New National Assembly • Reinstated the rents of Parisian (suspended due to Prussian occupation) • Stop paying the National Guard—Many Parisians are in • This leads to Civil Unrest

  27. The Commune of Paris • During the revolt the workers established a Socialist Government known as The Commune of Paris • Refuse to recognize the National Assembly • Called for France to become a decentralized federation of independent cities • Declared war on propertied owning class and church

  28. Introduced a new 10 hour workday • National Assembly fought back with the army—in Paris • The commune burned public buildings

  29. Bloody Week • May 1871 • During the week, the military arrested over 40,000 people • More than 20,000 killed • The Commune falls

  30. The Third Republic • 1875—New Constitution makes France a Republic again • Provides for a 2 house legislature • The 2 houses elect a president • Every official act needed the support of both houses • Cabinet of Ministers were responsible for gov’t policy

  31. A new post is made • Premier • He was to handle all the executive business

  32. Threats to the Republic • General Georges Boulanger (Boo-lahn-ZHAY) • Hero-wanted France to seek revenge against Prussia • Elections held in 1888 – prevailing attitude: Royalist support him and oppose the Republic

  33. He is urged (1889) to overthrow the Republic—Coup de’tat • Gov’t tries to arrest him for treason • He flees to Belgium • The movement collapses w/o its leader

  34. Panama Canal • 1890’s France is trying to build the canal • The project fails—thousands of French stockholders lost money • Scandals of dishonesty and poor management practices • Gov’t officials are implicated---bribes are given

  35. Results of the failure of the Canal • Elections of 1893 • Nearly 50 socialists won seats in the national convention • Socialism is growing in France

  36. The Dreyfus Affair • Alfred Dreyfus—Jewish military officer was arrested and charged with selling military secrets to the Germans • Convicted and sentenced to life on Devil’s Island • Prison colony off the coast of South America • Many supporters and family maintained his innocence

  37. 1897– evidence pointed to the fact that the evidence was forged • Supporters demanded a retrial • Gov’t refused • This Affair becomes a national issue and divided France • Socialist on Dreyfus side

  38. 1906—Civil Court pardoned Dreyfus • Reinstated him to the French army • THE REPUBLIC SURVIVES THESE 3 THREATS • 1905-France separates Church and State

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