Dynamics of Urok Practice: Metaphor of Bagos’ Mutuality and Solidarity

3. Dynamics of Urok Practice: Metaphor of Bagos’ Mutuality and Solidarity Rudolf T. Vecaldo rudolfvecaldo@gmail.com Instructor, College of Teacher Education Cagayan State University Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

4. Background of the Study • Understanding Philippine society through the study of Filipino cultures composite in the life • of the indigenous communities • No study conducted on the Urok practice • Results may inspire credence on the inquiry of • the diverse strengths in indigenous people’s character

5. Objectives • Draw the meaning of the Urok practice • Trace the evolution of the Urok practice • Determine the role of Urok practice in • enhancing Bagos’ group solidarity and mutuality • Identify the tenets of social life revealed in Urok • that describe the strength of indigenous Filipino character

6. Theoretical Framework Functionalism Interdependence Equilibrium Cooperation Consensus Durkheim's Social Solidarity Theory mechanical organic

7. Methods • Descriptive-qualitative Design • Fieldwork • Interview • Observation • Case Analysis • Documentary Analysis

8. Study Setting: Casigayan, Tabuk, Kalinga

9. Results and Discussion

10. Meaning of Urok Marriage Hospitalization 50 Pesos and 2 kilograms of rice per household 20 Pesos or 1 Caltex of rice per household Any amount per household Death

11. Meaning of Urok Urok in the personal life of a Bago Tulong (Help) Urok in the social life of the Bagos Pannakikaddua (Companionship)

12. Evolution of Urok Mechanical Organic UROK ON DEATH (ORAL AGREEMENT) UROK ON DEATH (CALTEX ORGANIZATION) UROK ON DEATH (BAGNOS SARANAY) Before 1947 1947 1979 UROK ON HOSPITALIZATION UROK ON MARRIAGE Latest development 1990’s

13. Role of Urok in Enhancing the Bagos’ Group Solidarity and Mutuality Urok on Marriage • Depiction of harmonious relationship between and among the people in times of merriment

14. Urok on Hospitalization • Evidence of the Bagos’ socio-cultural sense of genuine mutual love and value for co-existence • Contributes to the deepening of a functional social bond

15. Urok on Death • Form of moral sympathy extended during the trying moments of grief • Confirmation of genuine emotional, social and even spiritual support to the coping bereaved family

16. Tenets of Social Life Revealed in Urok Describing the Strength of Indigenous Filipino Character Benevolence Cooperation Self-Sustaining Community Thoughtfulness Obedience

17. Urok epitomizes how Filipinos value their kakaddua (fellowmen) over self interests.

18. Conclusion

19. Urok practice… bridges social and economic disparities; (b) reinforces the experience of closeness among the people; and (c) contributes to the formation of a self-sustaining community.

20. Recommendations • Strengthening of the Urok practice • Conduct of studies in wider perspective, especially covering the anthropological sketch of the Bagos • Continuous effort in documenting indigenous practices

21. Impact/Outcomes of the Study • Intensified effort in upholding the Urok practice • Greater awareness of other cultural groups on the essence of the Urok practice • Recognition of the cultural practices of the Bago community • Integration of the Urok practice in some discussions in the subject “Society and Culture”

22. Bibliography • Basco, Carmen (1956). Two Bago Villages: A Study. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, • pp. 25-175. • Constitution and by-laws of Urok (Revised 2009) • Durkheim, Emile (1858-1917). Retrieved February 16, 2010, from. http://Durkheim.itgo.com/solidarity.html. • Kottak, Conrad Philip (1991). Cultural Anthropology. 5th Edition, pp.40-47. Me Graw- Hill Inc, pp. 40-47. • Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 • The Bago. Retrieved May 3, 2012, from. http://Saguntostar.com/the-bago/ • The Bago Culture. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from. http://kingki.blogsprint.com/list/salaysay/tribal_festival_doc.html.