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Hydropower Generation

Hydropower Generation

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Hydropower Generation

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  1. Hydropower Generation Fabian Leonardo Aguilar Aguilar National University of Colombia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Power systems analysis Bogotá, June 29, 2013

  2. CONTENT • INTRODUCTION • GENERAL CENTRAL HYDROELECTRIC • OVERVIEW • HYDROPOWER IN THE WORLD • PERCENTAGE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM WATER RESOURCES • HYDROPOWER IN COLOMBIA • HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS IN COLOMBIA • HYDROELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION • TECHNOLOGIES • FUTURE PROJECTS • CONCLUSIONS

  3. INTRODUCTION Hydropower is electricity generated using the energy of moving water, this energy has been exploited for centuries, the kinetic energy of the flowing river turns the wheel and is converted into mechanical energy that runs the mill. In the late 19th century, hydropower became a source for generating electricity. The first hydroelectric power plant was built at Niagara Falls in 1879. In 1881, street lamps in the city of Niagara Falls were powered by hydropower. In 1882 the world’s first hydroelectric power plant began operating in the United States in Appleton, Wisconsin.

  4. GENERAL CENTRAL HYDROELECTRIC • A typical hydro plant is a system with three parts: • An electric plant where the electricity is produced • A dam that can be opened or closed to control water flow • A reservoir where water can be stored. Figure 1. Hydroelectric taken from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydroelectric_dam.png

  5. OVERVIEW The water behind the dam flows through an intake and pushes against blades in a turbine, causing them to turn. The turbine spins a generator to produce electricity. The amount of electricity that can be generated depends on how far the water drops and how much water moves through the system. The electricity can be transported over long-distance electric lines to homes, factories, and businesses.

  6. OVERVIEW Back water Dam Grate filtering Penstock Set of turbine-alternator groups Turbine Axis Generator Lines of electricity transmission Transformers Figure 2. Common Hydroelectric taken from http://www.tecnopsolprimaria.ecaths.com/archivos/tecnopsolprimaria/f4.png

  7. OVERVIEW Hydroelectric plants has, like almost any project, its advantages and disadvantages. Listed below are some of them. Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages hydroelectric

  8. HYDROPOWER IN THE WORLD Table 2. Largest producers of hydroelectric power in the world

  9. HYDROELECTRIC WORLD'S LARGEST Table 3. largest hydroelectric world, taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_hydroelectric_power_stations

  10. PERCENTAGE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM WATER RESOURCES Figure 3. Percentage of electricitygeneratedfromwaterresourcestakenfrom http://www.upme.gov.co/Docs/Energia/PROYECC_DEMANDA_ENERGIA_OCTUBRE_2010.pdf

  11. HYDROPOWER IN COLOMBIA Figure 4. Partipation of generatingplanttypetakenfrom http://www.minminas.gov.co/minminas/downloads/UserFiles/File/Memorias/Memorias_2011/05-ENERGIA.pdf

  12. HYDROPOWER IN COLOMBIA Figure 5. Percentdailydemandtakenfrom http://www.minminas.gov.co/minminas/downloads/UserFiles/File/Memorias/Memorias_2011/05-ENERGIA.pdf

  13. HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS IN COLOMBIA • Chivor 1000 MW installed Figure 7. Central San Carlos taken from http://centralhidroelectricas.blogspot.com/ Figure 6. Central Chivor taken from http://centralhidroelectricas.blogspot.com/ • San Carlos 1240 MW installed

  14. HYDROELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION • Impacts • Costs Figure 8. Hydroelectric taken from http://espanol.cri.cn/mmsource/images/2011/06/16/1303279146888.jpg

  15. HydroelectricConstruction • Impacts • Environmental • Social • Economic Figure 9.Example construction of hydroelectric power station taken http://www.ingenieros.es/files/noticias/tres_gargantas_web.jpg

  16. HydroelectricConstruction Costs Table 4. Hydropower construction costs in Colombia.

  17. TECHNOLOGIES • Pelton Turbine (Chivor) • 450 rpm • 173.000 HP • BallValve 1.5 m in • diameter Figure 1O. Pelton turbine taken from http://www.aes.com/global/index?page=home&view=chivor&locale=es

  18. TECHNOLOGIES • Francis Turbine (Jaguas) • 400 rpm • BallValve Figure11. Francis Turbine taken from http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/F/AE_Francis_turbine.html

  19. TECHNOLOGIES • Kaplan Turbine Figure 12. Kaplan turbine taken from http://www.maniagospilimbergo-edu.it/mediamaniago/file_servizio/Vallan/turbina_kaplan.htm

  20. FUTURE PROJECTS • HydroelectricItuango (2.400 MW) Figure 13. Perspective Ituango Hydroelectric Project, taken from http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oGcLxzitCCc/TtqL4fb_9iI/AAAAAAAAChQ/eLPfONpJx-s/s1600/Hidroituango.jpg&

  21. CONCLUSIONS • It is important to ensure that new hydropower projects to guarantee delivery and export. • Oursneed to assess and take into account several factors in any hydroelectric project, mainly the environmental impact can generate. • Find other generation alternatives with less impact to the ecosystem but economically feasible and within the concept of sustainable development.

  22. Thanks

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