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Protostomes Coelomates

Protostomes Coelomates. Mouth develops from the blastopore Cleavage is radial and determinate ALL HAVE A TRUE COELOM!. Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bilateral symmetry Coelomates Phylum Mollusca. Soft bodied, with hard shell protection Ex: slugs, clams, snails, squids, and octopuses

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Protostomes Coelomates

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  1. Protostomes Coelomates • Mouth develops from the blastopore • Cleavage is radial and determinate • ALL HAVE A TRUE COELOM!

  2. Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bilateral symmetry Coelomates Phylum Mollusca • Soft bodied, with hard shell protection • Ex: slugs, clams, snails, squids, and octopuses • Open circulatory system – fluid not always contained within vessels but circulates through hemocoel • Most have exoskeletons • Reduced or no segmentation • Radula; rasping tongue to scrape food • Many internal organs – excretion through • Three body parts • Muscular foot - movement • Visceral mass – contains most of the organs • Mantle – secretes a shell

  3. An open circulatory system limits the size of these animals

  4. The closed circulatory system is much more efficient!

  5. Four classes of Phylum Mollusca • Polyplacophora • Chitons • Cling to rocks • Live on rocky shores • Use muscular foot to grip • Gastropoda • Snails, slugs, nudibranchs • Largest class • Shell protects body • Torsion leads to twisted body • Uses radula to scrape algae and graze on plants

  6. Bivalvia: • Clams, oysters, mussels, scallops • Possess shell divided and hinged into two halves • Filter feeders • Sedentary lifestyle • Cephalopoda • Squid and octopus and nautilus • Use jaws to bite prey • Mouth as base of foot (foot drawn into several tentacles) • Complex brains and capable of learning and moving fast • Mantle reduced or absent • Can get large, How?

  7. Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bilateral symmetry Coelomates Phylum Annelida • SEGMENTATION – internal and external • Closed circulatory system • Closed digestive system with specialized regionss • Excretion from each segment through tubes (metanephridia) • Nervous system with ganglia and ventral nerve cords

  8. Three classes of Phylum Annelida • Oligocheates • Earthworms • Polycheates: • Fanworms • Tube dwellers (marine) • Hirudinea: • Leaches • Used to treat bruised tissues and to stimulate circulation

  9. Evolutionary trends in Annelids • Coelom • serves as hydrostatic skeleton • Developed complex organ system • Protects internal structures • Segmentation • Specialization of body segments

  10. Phylum Arthropoda • Key characteristics: • Segmentation • Hard exoskeletons of chitin • Jointed appendages • Open circulatory system • Extensive cephalization • Gas exchange gills in water, book lungs or spiracles on land • Ventral nervous cords • Metamorphosis (insect) • Incomplete: egg, nymph, adult • Complete: egg, larva, pupa, adult

  11. Success vs. Limitations • Successes: • Exoskeleton, lets the thrive on land, but limited • Jointed appendages allowed for walking and then flying in some • More successful organization of segments • Limits: • Exoskeleton is shed • Limited brain size • Limited body size

  12. Subphyla • Trilobites • Extinct group • Show pronounced segmentation, with little variation in appendages • Early, primitive arthropods • Chelicerates • Includes the arachnids • 1-2 body segments with 8 legs • Uniramia • Includes insects, milipedes and centipedes

  13. Classes of Phylum Anthropoda • Arachnids • Scorpions, spiders, mites • Insects • 1pair of antennae • 6 legs • 3 body segments • Crustaceans • Crabs, crayfish, lobsters, isopods (pill bugs) • 2 or 3 body segments

  14. Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bilateral symmetry Deuterostomes • Radial indeterminate cleavage • Blastopore becomes the anus

  15. Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bilateral symmetryDeuterostomes Echinoderms Phylum Echinoderm Phylum Chordata • Secondarily evolved radial symmetry • Unique water vascular system • Has mouth and anus • Has endoskeleton

  16. Classes of Phylum Echinoderm • Aseroidea • Sea stars • Ophiuroidea • Brittle stars • Echinoidea • Sea urchins and sand dollars • Holothuroidea • Sea cucumbers

  17. To what phylum does this organism belong? Phylum Annelida

  18. To what phylum does this organism belong? Phylum Cnidaria

  19. To what phylum does this organism belong? Phylum Mollusca

  20. To what phylum does this organism belong? Phylum Echinodermata

  21. To what phylum does this organism belong? Phylum Arthropoda

  22. To what phylum does this organism belong? Phylum Nematoda

  23. To what phylum does this organism belong? Phylum Platyhelminthes

  24. To what phylum does this organism belong? Phylum Porifera

  25. What evolutionary innovation both led to and limited the success of the phylum to which this organism belongs? . . . the exoskeleton

  26. What type of symmetry does this organism exhibit? . . . none

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