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Advanced C1 – C2

Advanced C1 – C2. Joining. Grammar Forces. Prepositions Practice - Testing. What is a preposition?. A (usually) small, uninflected word that shows the relation between the word(s) it accompanies and other words in a sentence or to time, place, direction, etc.

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Advanced C1 – C2

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  1. Advanced C1 – C2 Joining Grammar Forces

  2. PrepositionsPractice - Testing

  3. What is a preposition? A (usually) small, uninflected word that shows the relation between the word(s) it accompanies and other words in a sentence or to time, place, direction, etc.

  4. Where are prepositions normally used? In: noun cases, dependent words, phrasal verbs, prepositional phrases & the passive voice (agent), among other cases.

  5. Which preposition uses are dealt with in this presentation? Those referring to: A.i) Time, A.ii) Place & A.iii) Motion B) The Complementation of Intransitive Verbs, and lastly, C) Prep’s as links for manner, purpose, use, etc

  6. A.i) Time PrepositionsPractice - Testing

  7. There are 3 main time prep’s. in, on, at

  8. How are they used? in for long periods of time (e.g. months, years, seasons, etc) onfor days & anything implying a day (e.g. full dates, qualified periods in a day, etc) at for moments/ points in time (e.g. clock times, noon, midnight, etc)

  9. Are these time prep’s always used in such cases? No. Only in the accusative case.

  10. Are there other cases that never need time prep’s? Yes, e.g. today/ tonight/ tomorrow/ this/ last/ etc.

  11. Are there any other time prep’s except for the main ones? Yes: during, throughout, after, before, until/ till, by, for, since, within, from … to …

  12. Can you recall any standard phrases with time prep’s? I

  13. Can you recall any standard phrases with time prep’s? II

  14. Can you recall any standard phrases with time prep’s? III

  15. Can you recall any standard phrases with time prep’s? IV

  16. Can you recall any standard phrases with time prep’s? V

  17. A.ii) Place/ Position PrepositionsPractice - Testing

  18. Which are the main Place Prep’s? at, in/ inside, out/ outside, (up)on, under/ underneath, over/ above, below/ beneath, behind, in front (of), beside/ next to/ by, near, between, among, opposite, on top (of), at the top (of), in the middle (of), at the bottom (of), on the left-/ right-hand side (of), in/ on/ at the corner (of)

  19. Can you recall any standard phrases with place/ position prep’s? I

  20. Can you recall any standard phrases with place/ position prep’s? II

  21. Can you recall any standard phrases with place/ position prep’s? III

  22. A.iii) Motion/ Direction PrepositionsPractice - Testing

  23. How are Motion/ Direction Prepositions different from the others? These show movement & point in various directions but have no meaning of their own.

  24. How can we make Motion/ Direction Prepositions take on meaning? By combining them with motion verbs (e.g. go, come, travel, drive, etc).

  25. How are Motion/ Direction Prepositions translated when used with motion verbs? as a new verb (e.g. run around) OR with the preposition as a verb & the verb as a present participle (showing manner) (e.g. run into the shop)

  26. Which are the main Motion Prep’s? across, along, (a)round, away (from), down, up, out (of), into, from, to, towards, over, under, onto, through, past, by

  27. Do you know the verbs of Boarding/ Disembarking? get in(to) ≠ get out (of), get on(to) ≠ get off, get/ go on board ≠ get off/ go ashore

  28. Which are the different prep’s we use to talk about ‘getting around’? by + means/ way in/ on + determiner + (specific) means on + foot (or ‘walk to’)

  29. What grammar/ language is used in the Function: Directions? The Imperative & Present Simple

  30. What language is used to ask for directions? Excuse me, could/ can you tell/ show me the way to … ? Excuse me, how can/ do I get to … ? Excuse me, where is the … ? Excuse me, do you know where the … is?

  31. And what language is used to give directions?

  32. B) Prep’s as Complements to Intransitive Verbs Practice - Testing

  33. What is meant by ‘Prep’s as Complements to Intransitive Verbs’? The freer, more creative use of prep’s that makes speech more concise and helps English become the flexible medium of expression that it is.

  34. What is an example of using Prep’s as Complements to Intransitive Verbs? The preposition on that can mean: continue to … e.g. dream on, prompting to do/ continue e.g. go on, travel (usu. with go) e.g. go on a cruise, being in a state of e.g. (be) on call

  35. Can you think of any other such examples?

  36. C) Prepositions as LinkersPractice - Testing

  37. Prepositions as Linkers • for + -ing → to show use • (up)on + noun → to show time • with + noun → to substitute for a Relative Clause, instead of a ‘have’ participle • without + -ingOR noun → opposite of ‘with’, meaning ‘neglecting to’ OR ‘not having’ • like + -ingOR noun OR clause • before/ after/ since + -ing

  38. Prepositions are not very frequent in speech. Right answer: alongside articles & linking verbs, they are among the most frequent parts of speech.

  39. Prep’s in English are ‘double’, so they don’t need an extra one. although we could find two of them together in cases.

  40. Prep’s in English are encountered in many standard (idiomatic) expressions. e.g. well over, round the clock, above board, etc

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