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Final Review (revised Spring 2000) GS390

10. Final Review (revised Spring 2000) GS390. Quarter Review Concepts News Directions for Change Social Issues and Computers. Final: Wednesday June 7, 2000 8:00-10:30 in Classroom ***Bring a Pencil***. 1. A Computer System?. Three big uses of PCs 3 Applications on PCs. Spreadsheets.

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Final Review (revised Spring 2000) GS390

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  1. 10 Final Review (revised Spring 2000)GS390 Quarter Review Concepts News Directions for Change Social Issues and Computers Final: Wednesday June 7, 2000 8:00-10:30 in Classroom ***Bring a Pencil*** 1

  2. A Computer System?

  3. Three big uses of PCs 3 Applications on PCs Spreadsheets The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. Word processing Database Management 2

  4. (a) Review Wordprocessing From typing to page design and publication quality Review Tutorials on Word Processing from “Basics” to “Advanced Editing”. Should look at for general knowledge: Pagemaker in Text 3

  5. (b) Lab--Review Spreadsheets Spreadsheet Basics Spreadsheet, a computerized Matrix composed of cells that can contain labels, values, formulas are functions and is used for calculations budgets simple check balancing calculations decision charts grade calculations what if computations, 4

  6. (c) Lab Review DBMS Storage of data Retrieval of data Sorting Selecting Reports Mail Merge Relational* Don’t forget to review DBMS concepts 5

  7. Relational DBMS--connecting multiple data bases togather Registration Library overdue books DB Dorm fees Records Grades Incompletes ELM DB At registration all the above data bases are checked to determine any deficiencies before you are allowed to register 6 Spreedsheets or Data Bases

  8. (d) Mainframes & WAN: Why use these 1. Communication E- Mail Internet 2. Available applications/ information statistics, databases (library etc.) 3. Capabillity size---big memory, big data sets speed-- to perform tasks on big complex data sets WWW: World Wide Web: interconnected web content servers and clients accessing the servers WAN; Wide Area Networks--interconnected computers LAN; Local Area Networks--interconnected computers, printers 7

  9. LAN & WAN WAN Internet LAN Labs CSUB 8

  10. (e) Lab--Intro to IBM Compatibles DOS (and shells-Windows etc.) Wordperfect (the original successful word processor on the PC similar to Microsoft Word) Lotus 1 2 3 (the original PC spreadsheet like EXCEL) [not covered S00] Windows (a Mac like operating system) Hyperstudeo etc. (like Hypercard but both work on IBM’s) 9

  11. (B) New Concepts: Review for Final —Machine Freaks (like to tinker with hardware) —Software Freaks (like to tinker with programs) —Explorers (like to examine, play, experiment) —Destroyers (create distructive programs) Hackers 11

  12. (d) Computer “Diseases” 1. Viruses*2. Worms*3. Bombs*4. Trojan Horses* 12

  13. Viruses -Reproduce -May be malevolent or benign 13

  14. Is Windows a virus? No, Windows is not a virus. Here's what viruses (viri?) do: 1. They replicate quickly -- okay, Windows does that. 2. Viruses use up valuable system resources, slowing down the system as they do so -- okay, Windows does that. 3. Viruses will, from time to time, trash your hard disk -- okay,-- Windows does that, too. 4. Viruses are usually carried, unknown to the user, along with valuable programs and systems. Sigh... Windows does that, too. 5. Viruses will occasionally make the user suspect their system is too slow (see 2) and the user will buy new hardware. Yup, that's with Windows, too. A JOKE : ) Is Windows a virus?

  15. Until now it seems Windows is a virus but there are some fundamental differences: Viruses are well supported by their authors Viruses run on most systems, their program code is fast, compact and efficient and they tend to become more sophisticated as they mature. So, Windows is *not* a virus. "Life is a game where nothing is real... daniel.james@attws.com Windows is not a Virus

  16. Worms Programs that move through networks or computer memory partitions 14

  17. Bombs 15

  18. Logic Bombs If condition Then Action Example;If date is XXXX on the computer install micro virus. Examples include Friday 13 logic bomb and New Years logic bomb 16

  19. Time Bombs Act at a particular time Friday 13 17

  20. Trojan Horse A “gift” that contains evil within. Any of previous examples but contained in a game or illegal copies of legitimate software and emailed or downloaded pictures or attachments. 18

  21. Vaccines Macintosh: Disinfectant Macafee VirusScan and Norton AntiVirus (PC example) Any program that checks software and documents as it is run are downloaded for viruses 19

  22. (to be continued on “Space 6”) Space 1 [1 page - 4000 bytes] 20

  23. Storage for documents Old 3 1/4 floppy Space 2 200 Pages 21

  24. Space 3 Becoming Standard: Zip drives 100MB 22

  25. Space 4 23

  26. Harddrives come in big to gigantic sizes 40 Megabyte 80 Megabyte 105 Megabyte 185 Megabyte 350 Megabyte 500 Megabyte 1 Gigabyte 8 Gig and up is now the standard with 27 Gig Possible and up, up, up Space 5 Directions Gigabites CD Optical R/W 24

  27. Space 6 Internal Memory space in the Computer (continued from “Space 1”) Binary 25

  28. Binary-1 bit on or off 26

  29. Internal Binary Basics •The most basic unit of computer information is called a bit •It is expressed to the computer by the numbers 0 or 1. •All "characters"[a,b,z..,1,2,3...?,!,/..] are a symbolized by series of 8 bits,0s and 1s •All operations in the computer [+,-,*,/] are 0s and 1s All off or on—like light bulbs. 27

  30. Reading Binary 1 Byte--8 bits 256 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 28

  31. ASCII SAMPLES Binary -base 2 Decimal-base 10 0 0 1 1 10 2 11 3 100 4 101 5 110 6 29

  32. SPEEDOMETERS--counting in binary 30

  33. Bytes-K One thousand bytes come together to form 1K. Let's make this simpler to remember: 31

  34. Bit-Byte-K 1 bit = 1 bit 8 bits = 1 byte 1024 bytes = 1K 32

  35. BINARY / ASCII The binary code for the letter, number, or symbol is transferred to a code, called ASCII (8 bit Byte)* (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). This transfer cycle is; binary -> ASCII -> Word, Word -> to ASCII -> binary 33 NOTE: Some fonts eg. Kanji, Chinese rquire 2 bytes for characters

  36. Binary Decimal (ASCII, 8bit byte) 00110001 <---> 1 00110010 <---> 2 00110011 <---> 3 01000001 <---> A 01000010 <---> B 01011001 <---> Y 00100001 <---> ! More ASCII-Binary 34

  37. ASCII <-> Binary WORD 35

  38. Memory :Addressing 1 Apt 1 Apt 2 Apt 3 Apt 4 Apt 5 Laundry Apt 6 Apt 7 Apt 8 Apt 9 Apt 10 Office How many apartments can we have if they can have only 1 digit address 36 The Pizza Man

  39. Addressing 2 Continue with this How many addresses with 4 8 16 32 0 1 One bit has two addresses 00 01 10 11 Two bits have four possible addresses 37

  40. Bits & Addresses 3 If we string 8 bits (8 combinations of the numbers 0 and 1) together we have a byte. 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 38 Each additional bit doubles the possible addresses

  41. Importance of Addressing (1) More memory thus Bigger programs Bigger data sets Multi program accessibility (2) Increased speed of processing (3) Currently 32 bit standard but 64 on the way Current IBM & Mac Apple IIe 32 bit 8 bit 39

  42. Addressing 4 Databus 40

  43. Mips & Hertz Current PC's Time/Speed Future PC's and current Workstation, Mainframe and Supercomputers New speed is BIPS Coming Tarraflops 41 Note:Some Current CPUs run at more then 1000 hertz

  44. D) More Concept Review Paint vs Draw Bitmapped vs Postscript 43

  45. Beyond Microsoft Paint and Hyperpaint 1. Drawing vs painting* 2. Combination programs* 3. Samples of newer programs* 44

  46. Drawing vs Painting Paint -- bit mapped graphics, creative free form -- low resolution dependant on screen resolution Example* Draw —objects —formula driven —easy modification (size, position, etc.) —output dependant on printer Example* 45

  47. Drawing vs Painting Examples Painting -- Mac Paint, Microsoft Paint Drawing -- Clarisworks, Canvas, Word Created as Paint when expanded the line will get ragged since it is bit defined Created as Drawing when expended the line will not become ragged - it is defined by a math formula - lines connect points 46 A demo may follow

  48. -Bit mapped is like painting -Characters are stored as a set of pixals (dots) that look like the character. -Problem: the exact set of dots is printed no matter if the printer is Imagewriter 140 DPI laserwriter 300 DPI or newer 600 DPI Stylewriter 360 DPI Most inkjet home printers 300-600 DPI Linotronic 1600-2400 DPI thus the print looks only as good as the worst printer allows Bitmapped vs Formula Script 47 Postscript (most common) Truetype (newest)

  49. John Warnock from Zerox PARC solved the problem of making printer output look like the screen Postscript vs Bitmapped: -Bitmapped is stored as the dots that appear on the screen. Older dot matrix printers illustrate this method -Postscript Characters are stored as a set of formulas that contain the relative sizes of sides, curves, etc. -Solution: the set of dots printed will use all possible dots a printer will allow and thus will look as good as the printer allows. 48

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