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Tangible User Interfaces (TUI’s)

Tangible User Interfaces (TUI’s). What are Tangible User Interfaces?. TUI’s. Physical World. Digital world. GUI vs TUI. (Ishii 2008). Precursors.

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Tangible User Interfaces (TUI’s)

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  1. Tangible User Interfaces (TUI’s)

  2. What are Tangible User Interfaces? TUI’s Physical World Digital world

  3. GUI vs TUI (Ishii 2008)

  4. Precursors • E.g. Marble answering machine, Durrell Bishop, Royal College of Art, Interaction Design, 1992. http://vimeo.com/19930744

  5. Early Work • Fitzmaurice et al. 1995 – Graspable user interfaces http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-TGEe-Imro • Ishii et al. 1997 - Tangible bits

  6. Recent work • E.g. Lumino, Baudish et al, 2010 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyBbLqViX7g • E.g. Portico, Avrahami et al, 2011 http://vimeo.com/29359319

  7. Benefits of TUI’s (Ishii 2008) • Double interaction loop - immediate tactile feedback • Persistency of tangibles • Coupled input/output space • Special vs generic purpose • Space-multiplexed vs time-multiplexed input Also fun + engaging!

  8. Can we connect these physical drawing tools to the digital space? • Sense position & orientation on touch technology • Add intelligent drawing support • How can they be best combined with multi-touch surfaces for enjoyable and productive interaction?

  9. Our Approach • Design • Tangible hardware • Implementation • Recognizer • Drawing application • Usability evaluation

  10. CapTUI Technology – Capacitive • Small touch screens e.g. iPad, smart phones etc… • Touch detection via electrical pulse from fingers/conductive material

  11. Design: Tangible Hardware

  12. Final Design

  13. Implementation: Tangible Recognition • Tangible ID • 3 point (min) unique patterns Valid patterns Invalid patterns

  14. Implementation: Tangible Recognition • Learning phase • Recognition phase • Touch point detection • Match point distances to saved tangible ID’s • No way of knowing which part of the touch point is in contact (+/- error)

  15. Implementation: Drawing Application • Beautification Ink-to-edge snapping Corner snapping & Length visualization

  16. Implementation: Drawing Application • Visual drawing guides Tangible outline Angle visualization

  17. First iteration: Video • Second iteration: Demo

  18. Evaluation • First iteration: usability • Simple drawing tasks • Second iteration: comparative study • Recognizable vs non recognizable drawing tools on screen

  19. Usability Evaluation • Can users construct simple drawings using the tangibles? Is the system usable? • 10 participants • 5 simple drawing tasks

  20. Usability Evaluation: Results • First exploration • Technology works • Is usable for simple drawings • Tangible detection problems • Stability • Consistent circuit • Finger to tangible contact • Friction with screen • Comfortable drawing • Tangible outline helpful – recognition indicator • Drawing guides needed

  21. Comparative Study • Does CapTUI assist users to easily draw precise geometric drawings • Recognizable vs non recognizable drawing tools on screen • 12 Participants

  22. Comparative Study: Results • CapTUI rated significantly higher than Paint overall • Visual guides helpful for precise drawing • significantly lower average angle error. • Participants enjoyed using CapTUI significantly more • Participants believed that CapTUI produces significantly more tidy drawings than Paint. • Making fine grained movements with the tangibles difficult • Tangible design still needs work • consistent detection • accurate positioning

  23. Tangeo Technology – Infrared • Table tops e.g. Microsoft Surface 2.0 • PixelSense - Touch detection via infrared reflection for each pixel • Image processing on detected pixels • Identifies finger/blobs/tags

  24. Design: Tangible Hardware

  25. Final Design

  26. Implementation: Tangible Recognition • Learning phase • Recognition phase • Detection via custom tags • Use tag location to get tangible outline • Use thresholds for blob sizes

  27. Implementation: Drawing Application

  28. Implementation: Drawing Application • Visual Guides • Tangible outline • Angle visualisation • Length visualisation • Ink beautification • corner snapping • ink-to-edge snapping

  29. Usability Evaluation • Can users construct simple geometric drawings using Tangeo? Is the system usable? • 2 phase cycle • 8 participants • 4 drawing tasks

  30. Usability Evaluation: Results • Enjoyable / easy to use the tangibles • Good recognition • Visual guides helpful and easy to understand • Drawing accuracy – less positive perception • Add stylus for drawing

  31. References • Marble answering machine - Crampton Smith, G. The Hand That Rocks the Cradle. I.D., May/June 1995, pp. 60-65. • Fitzmaurice G. W., H. Ishii, and W. Buxton. 1995. Bricks: laying the foundations for graspable user interfaces. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '95), ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., New York, NY, USA, 442-449.  • Ullmer B. and H. Ishii. 1997. The metaDESK: models and prototypes for tangible user interfaces. In Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (UIST '97). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 223-232. • Ishii H., B. Ullmer, Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.234-241, March 22-27, 1997, Atlanta, Georgia, United States • Ishii H., 2008. Tangible bits: beyond pixels. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction (TEI '08). ACM, New York, NY, USA, xv-xxv.  • Baudisch P., T. Becker, and F. Rudeck. 2010. Lumino: tangible building blocks based on glass fiber bundles. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Emerging Technologies (SIGGRAPH '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 16 , 1 pages. • Avrahami D., J. Wobbrock, and S. Izadi. 2011. Portico: tangible interaction on and around a tablet. In Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (UIST '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 347-356.  • Blagojevic R., X. Chen, R. Tan, R. Sheehan, and B. Plimmer. 2012. Using tangible drawing tools on a capacitive multi-touch display. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People and Computers (BCS-HCI '12). British Computer Society, Swinton, UK, UK, 315-320. • Zhen, J. S., R. Blagojevic and B. Plimmer (2013). Tangeo: Geometric Drawing with Tangibles on an Interactive Table-Top. CHI 2013. Paris France, ACM. WIP: in press. • Shaer O. and E. Hornecker(2010) "Tangible User Interfaces: Past, Present and Future Directions", Foundations and Trends® in Human-Computer Interaction: Vol. 3: No 1-2, pp 1-137. 

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