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Addiction

In Belgium. Addiction. Hanne Benoit & Reinhilde Hagymási. When do you think someone is addicted ?. C ontent. What is addiction The most problematic addiction in Belgium Problematic according to the government Problematic according to the youth The impact Significant opinions

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Addiction

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  1. In Belgium Addiction Hanne Benoit & Reinhilde Hagymási

  2. When do youthinksomeone is addicted?

  3. Content • What is addiction • The most problematicaddiction in Belgium • Problematicaccordingto the government • Problematicaccordingto the youth • The impact • Significant opinions • Research about the topic • Opinion of the victims • Solutions we learnedabout • What we thinkaboutit

  4. What is addiction • A pattern of frequently use with harmful consequences • Phases of addiction • Experimental phase • Social or integrated use • Excessive or damaging use • Addiction or dependence • DSM IV • Disorders due to the substance (e.g. intoxication) • Addiction disorders • Psychological dependence ≠ physiological dependence

  5. Abuse and dependance DSM-IV • Dependence= lack of control over the use of the substance (3 or more in a 12-month period) • Tolerance (marked increase in amount; marked decrease in effect) • Characteristic withdrawal symptoms; substance taken to relieve withdrawal • Substance taken in larger amount and for longer period than intended • Persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempt to quit • Much time/activity to obtain, use, recover • Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced • Use continues despite knowledge of adverse consequences (e.g., failure to fulfill role obligation, use when physically hazardous)

  6. Abuse and dependance DSM-IV • Abuse= the use of the substance even if you know it’s harmful and causes problems (1 or more in a 12-month period) Symptoms must never have met criteria for substance dependence for this class of substance. • Recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligation at work, home or school • Recurrent use in physically hazardous situations • Recurrent substance related legal problems • Continued use despite persistent or recurrent social oar interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by substance Source: op DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000)

  7. bio-psycho-social model

  8. Marc Lewis: neuro-psychologist with a history of addiction

  9. Child of parent(s) withaddictionproblems

  10. Definitions • Alcohol • Guideline acceptable use of alcohol for adult men • Guideline acceptable use of alcohol for women • Guideline for acceptable use of alcohol for youngsters under the age of 18 • Guideline for acceptable use of alcohol for men between the age of 16 and 18 • Guideline for acceptable use of alcohol for women between the age of 16 and 18 REMARK Source: site de druglijn

  11. Definitions • Gambling • No statistics • DSM-IV  DSM-V • Protection of the player Source: VAD • Internet • Addiction?  medium (gambling, porn, facebook) Source: site de druglijn

  12. Anorexia • 1/10 women between the age of 10 and 30 • Addicted to what? Source: ANBN (2009) • Bodybuilding • Substance abuse? • Proof of negative doping control • Addicted to what? Source: www.ncobb.com

  13. European championship: juniors

  14. European championship - masters

  15. The most problematic in Belgium • Alcohol • Tabac • Cannabis

  16. By the governmentrecognized as problematic • Alcohol  law for minors  not taken serious by youngsters more than 20% of the youngsters are bingedrinkers http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Failed-Overpoort/228880563913719?fref=ts • Drugs  general law • Tobacco  law concerning public places Source: vlaanderen.be

  17. By the youthrecognized as problematic • Gaming addiction • Not recognized as an actual addiction • Youngsters  addiction, but a pleasant one Source: site from the Dutch government – department of culture, youth, sport and media. Based on an investigation viWTA, Brussels

  18. What is the impact… • Impact of family - good predictor forabuse - role model - heredity - supporting - open minded (parentaladvice) - keep the faith

  19. Impact of peer group • Friends • Peerpressure • Experimentalphase

  20. Impact of institutions • School • Prevention (e.g.: ‘rookvrije klassen, klasbak) • Lessonsaboutaddiction • Dealingin school • Youthmovement • Organisations (e.g.: De Kiem…)

  21. Impact of the media • Role model (Amy winehouse, Tom Boonen… • Advertising in public areas, on television, Online • Soaps (non smoking <-> Alcohol addicted‘zatte Rita’)

  22. Significant opinion on this topic form: Politicalrepresentative • Interview with a government employe • City council is authorized for only a few things • Prevention • Syringe exchange • NOT treatment • Mostly independent organisations • Anonymous alcoholics • … • Conclusion: the city council saysthatit is nottheirdutyto break trough the taboo. That is something the independent organisationsshould do. The council does concern about prevention, but that’s it. everythingelse that has to do with treatment and help is shoved up to the organisations.

  23. Religiousrepresentative, somequotes • ‘ Addictionis something you have when you can’t control your behaviour, there’s something from above who has power on what you do or don’t do.’ • ‘When they come to the priest they want psychological and mental support.’ • ‘The society is too hard for people with addiction problems. We judge an reject them. Rejection is the phase before death.’ • ‘the media is extremely hard for the people.’ • ‘Why do we need in our society so much drugs?’ • ‘A person with addiction problems is more than an addicted.’ • ‘Because it’s still a taboo, people/institutions don’t know how to deal with it.’

  24. Last word “Look to the beautiful things in your life because we only live one time. Don’t go for the easy way but go for a battle. This battle of life will give you energy. You may fall. But when you fall you’ll always have the opportunity to stand up again.”

  25. Social or culturalrepresentative • Psychiatricinstitution(alcohol/medicines/cannabis/gambling addiction) • ‘addiction is a permanent curving, a psychological dependence to the subject. The use makes it impossible to function well.’ • ‘The motivation of the person himself is essential.’ • ‘The possibility to become a social drinker again is very small.’ • ‘Re-uptake is possible, even in many cases reality. More than half of the patients come back to the psychiatric institution .’ • ‘They work with exposure techniques.’ • ‘It’s hard for the patient do deal with cues in the media.’

  26. De Kiem, therapeutic community performence of ex-users => way of breakingtaboo

  27. Representative of the law • Mostly drug addicts  illegal • Other addicts  other crimes (theft, violence,…)

  28. What we learned from researches • Bruges; De Sleutel (research ‘use of substances by youth 12-18, 2009-2010) • http://www.desleutel.be/images/stories/archief_magazine/donateursmagazine_juni_2010_.pdf • Game survey (2009) • http://www.ida-nl.be/onderzoek/game-survey-2009.aspx • Research on abuse of substances by youngsters (12 yrs – 18 yrs) • http://www.ida-nl.be/onderzoek/onderzoek-naar-middelengebruik-bij-middelbare-scholieren-een-grensoverschrijdende-benadering-met-uitzicht-op-preventie-acties.aspx

  29. Opinion of the victims • The story of Emma REMARK: Emma wanted to stay anonymous. The name Emma is a pseudonym

  30. Solutions we learnedabout • Methods seen in our courses • classic conditionning Neutral stimulus/conditionned stimulus neutral reaction (bell) (nothing, neutral) Unconditionned stimulus unconditionned reaction/conditionned reaction (food)(slobbering)

  31. Source: Craeynest, P., Craeynest, M., Meuleman, S. (2010). Algemenepsychologie, eeninleiding. Uitgeverijacco, Leuven

  32. Afterall… what do we thinkaboutthis topic? • Reinhilde • Hanne

  33. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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