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Weathering and the formation of Sedimentary Rocks

Why do rocks and minerals weather?. Because they are out of equilibrium with the conditions under which they formedMinerals in granite originally formed at high temperatures and at considerable depth, typically >700C and 5-15km depth All silicate minerals except quartz are unstable at

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Weathering and the formation of Sedimentary Rocks

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    6. Leads to disintegration of the bedrock into smaller, angular, but chemically identical fragments Results in an increase in the surface area of rock exposed for chemical weathering to act upon

    8. Mechanical Processes Freeze-Thaw Insolation - Exfoliation Insolation - Granular Disintegration Salt Crystal Growth Dilatation Biological Hydration

    9. Freeze Thaw Activity

    12. The Effects of Freeze-Thaw

    18. Salt Crystal Growth

    19. Dilatation/Pressure Release

    20. Dilatation/Pressure Release

    21. Biological Activity

    23. Hydration

    24. Leads to the decomposition of the bedrock Only quartz is unreactive and not affected Results in the formation of clay minerals from the breakdown of silicate minerals such as feldspars, mica, augite and olivine Ions are also released into solution

    25. Chemical Processes Hydrolysis Carbonation Solution Oxidation Reduction Biological

    26. Hydrolysis

    28. Residual quartz grains following kaolinisation of granite on Carn Brea

    31. Carbonation

    34. Solution

    35. Oxidation

    38. Reduction

    39. Biological-Chelation

    40. Biological Weathering

    41. Biological Weathering

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