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Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety. The legal framework on the disposal of intermediate level waste in Russian Federation. Anna Mishagina. 09-13 September 2013 г., IAEA , Austria. 1. 1. www.secnrs.ru.

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  1. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety The legal framework on the disposal of intermediate level waste in Russian Federation Anna Mishagina 09-13September2013 г., IAEA, Austria 1 1 www.secnrs.ru

  2. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Contents • Federal Law «On Radioactive Waste Management» • Unified State System for Radioactive Waste Management • Regulations on VLLW, LLW, ILW Disposal: revision and development of Federal Norms and Rules 2 2

  3. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Hierarchy of laws and regulations International Agreements Federal Laws №170-FZ«On the Use of Atomic Energy», №190-FZ«OnManagementofRadioactiveWasteandRevisions in Certain Legal Acts of theRussianFederation»etc. Legal Acts of the President and the Government of Russia Federal regulations (norms and rules) Predisposal Disposal of RAW Federal norms and rules for waste management (MinzdravofRussia,State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom») 3 3

  4. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Federal Law «On Radioactive Waste Management»: overview • Unified State System for radioactive waste management • Purpose and principles of functioning • - priority to protection of human health and life for the present and future generations and of the environment; • - consideration of interdependency of RAW generation and management stages until disposal • information availability • Development stages • - development of the regulatory framework and organizational basis • - initial registration of radioactive waste and sites their allocation; • - development of radioactive waste disposal facilities(including disposal of VLLW, LLW, ILW). • Radioactive waste management and disposal provisions • Classification of radioactive waste (introduced by the Government ) • Obligation for radioactive waste final disposal • NationalOperator for Radioactive Waste Management • Financial provisions of radioactive waste management • Radioactive waste export and import 4 4

  5. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Main statements of Federal Law «On Radioactive Waste Management» • Basic terms definition • RAW classification • special RAW and Retrievable (disposable) RAW • classes of Retrievable RAW (based on disposal option) • For Special (nonretrievable) RAW: • emplacement site and • site for conservation • Deep well injection of liquid LLW and ILW on operating sites 5

  6. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Main statements of Federal Law «On Radioactive Waste Management» • “Unified State System for radioactive waste management is to be developed to organize and provide safe and economically effective RAW management, including their disposal” (Article 10) • “Institutions which activity results in RAW generation are responsible for providing safety for RAW management up to their delivery to the National Operator” (Article 10) • “Radioactive wastes... are subject to mandatory disposal in disposal facilities” (Article 12) 6

  7. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Main statements of Federal Law «On Radioactive Waste Management» • “Radioactive waste generated before the date when this Federal Law entered into force (except of radioactive waste containing nuclear material that could exclusively be in the federal ownership), are owned by the organization, in result of which activity they were generated” (Article 9) • “The national operator ensures safe management of the waste accepted for disposal” (Article 20)

  8. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Federal Law «On Radioactive Waste Management»: implementation • Development of the Unified State System for RWM • National Operator for Radioactive Waste Management has been identified; • Radioactive waste registration has been started; • 3 disposal sites for liquid RAW deep well injection has been transferred into the ownership of the National Operator; • Regulatory support • Development and approval of the Governmental Decrees • - procedure and timescale for development of the Unified State System for RWM and establishment of the National Operator for Radioactive Waste Management; • - tariff regulation of RAW disposal and establishment of pricing principles; • - initial radioactive waste registration; • - radioactive waste classification system • Revision of federal rules and regulations as well as safety guidelines in the field of RAW management

  9. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Development of the Unified State System for RWM Development of the regulatory and institutional framework Art. 11 of Federal Low from 11.07.2011 № 190-FL 1 stage- to 01.01.2015 Development of disposal system for very low, low and intermediate level radioactive waste RWM USS p. 4 of the Government Decree from 19.11.2012 № 1185 «On the determination of the order and timing of creating a unified system of radioactive waste management» 2 stage – to 01.01.2018 Development of disposal system for high level radioactive waste 3 stage - to01.01.2021 Within10 years disposal facilities for VLW, LLW, ILW, HLW shall be constructed to meet the needs of the nuclear industry in the infrastructure for final isolation of radioactive waste

  10. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Decree by the Government of the Russian Federation(19.11.2012 №1185) «About definition of an order and periods of creation of Unified State System for radioactive waste management » (concerning creation of objects for disposal RAW) • Stage 1 (till 01. 01. 2015) • territorial planning schemes for RAW disposal facilities siting • to be defined; • - cost rate (tariffs) for RAW disposal to be established; • - federal norms, rules and regulatory documents necessary for • establishment of Unified State System for radioactive waste • management to be developed and determined; • - initial registration of RAW and its location to be realized; • - prognosis of RAW generation to be done.

  11. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Decree by the Government of the Russian Federation(19.11.2012 №1185) «About definition of an order and periods of creation of Unified State System for radioactive waste management » (concerning creation of objects for disposal RAW) Stage 2 (till 01. 01. 2018) The system of LLW and ILW disposal to be developed - decision on construction of waste disposal facilities according to the scheme of territorial planning of RAW disposal facilities siting to be made; - first primary disposal facilities for LLW and ILW to be planed, constructed and commissioned

  12. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Decree by the Government of the Russian Federation(19.11.2012 №1185) «About definition of an order and periods of creation of Unified State System for radioactive waste management » (concerning creation of objects for disposal RAW) Stage 3 (till 01. 01. 2021) The system of HLW disposal facilities to be developed; - objects of underground research laboratory to be commissioned; - disposal facilities for LLW and ILW to be commissioned and disposal of these types of waste by the volume up to 200.000 m3 to be realized.

  13. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Organizational Structure of the Unified State RAW Management System RAW Management State Managing Body Registration and accounting in field of RWM Cost planning for RWM Evaluation of the obligations on WM State registration and control of RM and RAW State supervision* Technical policy in the field of RWM Territorial planning scheme (in terms of RAW) RAW Generators* National Operator Specialized organizations Generated RAW Accumulated RAW

  14. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Initial RAW Registration Initial RAW registration is provisioned in the Article 23 of the Federal Law “On Radioactive Waste Management” and will be implemented during the first phase of development of the a unified state system of radioactive waste management starting from the January 15, 2013 till December 31, 2014 inclusively. The surveys will be carried out in all facilities having radioactive waste that are subject for the initial registration. Based on the survey results special commissions will draw up the acts of initial registration, on the basis of which proposals will be developed to classify radioactive waste storage facility into a particular category of radioactive waste storage facilities. The State Corporation "Rosatom" has confirmed the schedule for survey and initial registration of the storage facilities (sites) for radioactive waste generated before 15.07.2011. The schedule was developed in accordance with the Governmental Resolution from 25.07.2012 № 767 "On carrying out the initial registration of radioactive waste"

  15. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Initial RAW Registration • Initial RAW registration will provide the necessary information to form a registry of radioactive waste and the inventory of the radioactive waste storage facilities (sites). • From a legal point of view, the initial RAW registration will allow: • To assign  the status of “accumulated waste” to the waste generated before the Federal Law “On Radioactive Waste Management” has entered into force • To define the categories and types of storage facilities and of the accumulated RAW according to the new Russian legal framework (retrievable and special waste, the temporary and long-term storage, sites of emplacement and sites of conservation of special waste). • Type of radioactive waste and of the category of radioactive waste storage facility are crucial for planning of treatment of previously accumulated waste in accordance with the requirements of the Article 24 of the Federal Law “On Radioactive Waste Management.”

  16. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ Storage Facility EBS Upgrade, Additional Barriers Survey НТЦ On Site Disposal Waste Retrieval Treatment and Conditioning Interim Storage Transportation Disposal in Regional Disposal Facility Initial Registration and Survey of RAW Storage Facilities Special RAW Site of sRAW Conservation Site of sRAW Emplacement Retrievable RAW If meet safety requirements

  17. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Regulations of VLLW, LLW, ILW disposal • The criterions for classification of RAW are given in the Decree №1069 from 19.10.2012 by the Government of the Russian Federation«On criteria for classifying solid, liquid or gaseous waste to radioactive waste, criteria for classifying radioactive waste to special and removable RAW and criteria for classification of removable RAW».

  18. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Moving away On site disposal Criteria for classifying radioactive waste to special and retrievable RAW Special RAW Retrievable RAW RAW hasn't been placed to special RAW • RAW, including: RAW generated: • inresult of implementation of the state program of armaments and state defense order • In result of the use of nuclear weapon for peaceful purposes • In result of nuclear and (or) radiation accident in nuclear facility • liquid RAW, accumulated in surface water-storage facilities, totaling more than 25000 m3, commissioned before the entry into force of the Federal Law "On the treatment of waste ...", as well as the sediments of the storage reservoirs meet the following criteria: On site disposal Moving away • The collective effective dose for the entire period of the potential danger • The risk of potential exposure 1 > 2 > • The cost of moving away, processing, conditioning, transportation to disposal facility and disposal of radioactive waste • The size of the possible harm to the environment • The cost of disposal of radioactive waste, including conversion Site of sRAW to RAW disposal facility, its operation and closing, its safety over the period of the potential danger 3 RAW storage and its sanitary protection zone located outside the boundaries of settlements, protected areas, coastal protection strips and water protection zones of water bodies, and other security protection zones

  19. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Criteria for classifying retrievable RAW Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 • Solid RAW: • materials • equipment • products • биологические объекты • ground • solidified liquid RAW • DSRS of category3 • Solid RAW : • materials • equipment • products • ground • solidified liquid RAW • DSRS of 1 и 2 categories • Solid RAW: • materials • equipment • products • ground • solidified liquid RAW • DSRS of category 3 • Solid RAW: • materials • equipment • products • solidified liquid RAW Liquid RAW: organic and inorganicliquids, pulps, muds ILW: 104÷108Bq/g - T 103÷107Bq/g - β(except for T) 102÷106Bq/g - α(except for t/u) 101÷105Bq/g – t/u LLW: <104Bq/g - T <103Bq/g - β (except forT) <102Bq/g - α (except for t/u) <101Bq/g – t/u HLW: >1011Bq/g - T >107Bq/g - β (except forT) >106Bq/g - α (except fort/u) >105Bq/g – t/uу Long-lived ILW: 108÷1011Bq/g - T 104÷107Bq/g - β (except forT) 103÷106Bq/g - α (except fort/u) 102÷105Bq/g – t/u HLW: >1011Bq/g - T >107Bq/g - β (except forT) >106Bq/g - α (except fort/u) >105Bq/g - t/u ILW: 108÷1011Bq/g - T 104÷107Bq/g - β (except for T) 103÷106Bq/g - α(except for t/u) 102÷105Bq/g – t/uу Long-lived LLW: 107÷108Bq/g - T 103÷104Bq/g - β (exceptfor T) 102÷103Bq/g - α (except for t/u) 101÷102Bq/g – t/u LLW: 107÷108Bq/g - T 103÷104Bq/g - β (except for T) 102÷103Bq/g - α (except for t/u) 101÷102Bq/g – t/u VLLW: <107Bq/g - T <103Bq/g - β (except for T) <102Bq/g - α (except fort/u) <101Bq/g – t/u Disposal in deep disposal facility after storage before decay to increase heat generation Disposal in existing deep well injection disposal facilities Disposal in near-surface disposal facility (till 100 m depth) Disposal in near-surface disposal facility at ground level Disposal in deep disposal facility Class 6 Disposal in near-surface disposal facility RAW, resulting from the extraction and processing of uranium ores and mineral and organic materials with a high content of natural radionuclides

  20. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Federal norms for RAW disposal Radioactive Waste Management Safety. General Provisions NP-058-04 Disposalofradioactivewastes. Principles, criteriaandmainrequirementsofsafety NP-055-04 Near-surface disposal of radioactive waste. Safety requirements. NP-069-06 Radioactive waste acceptance criteria for disposal NP-ХХX-13? 20

  21. RAW Management Safety Fundamentals SF-1 Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. General Provisions NP-058-04 Predisposal RAW management. General Safety Requirements GSR, part5 Disposal of Radioactive Waste. Special Safety Requirement SSR-5 Disposal of radioactive wastes. Principles, criteria and general safety requirements. NP-055-04 Collection, treatment, storage and conditioning od Liquid RAW. Safety Requirements. NP-019-2000 Collection, treatment, storage and conditioning od Solid RAW. Safety Requirements. NP-020-2000 Gaseous RAW Management. Safety Requirements. NP-021-2000 Near-surface disposal. Safety RequirementsWS-R-1 Near-surface disposal of radioactive waste. Safety requirements. NP-069-06 RAW WAC for Disposal NP-ХХ-ХХХ

  22. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ NP-058-XX «Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. General Provisions» Main improvements: • Terms and definitions • Updated document structure: retrievable and special RAW • Predisposal retrievable RAW management • Disposal of retrievable RAW • Waste disposal according to the RAW classification • Special RAW management • Justification for RAW classification as special RAW • Providing safety for the special RAW emplacement sites • Justification for transition of the special RAW emplacement sites into the special RAW conservation sites and intodisposal sites 22

  23. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ NP-055-XX Disposal of radioactive wastes. Principles, criteria and general safety requirements. NP-069-XX Near-surface disposal of radioactive waste. Safety requirements. Main improvements: • Terms and definitions • RAW classification for disposal • Harmonization with NP-058-ХХ &NP-ХХХ-ХХ 23

  24. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ NP-055-XX Disposal of radioactive wastes. Principles, criteria and general safety requirements. • Provisional Contents: • List of Abbreviations • Basic terms and definitions • 1. Purpose and Scope • 2. The purpose, principles, criteria and basic requirements to ensure safety in the disposal of radioactive waste • 3. Requirements to ensure the safety of the disposal of radioactive waste (Siting, operating, construction, closure) • 4. Quality ensurance for RAW disposal • Annexes 24

  25. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ NP-069-XX Near-surface disposal of radioactive waste. Safety requirements. • Provisional Contents: • List of Abbreviations • Basic terms and definitions • 1. Purpose and Scope • 2. General requirements • 3. Safety requirements for siting of near surface RAW disposal facilities • 4. Safety requirements for designing and construction of near surface RAW disposal facilities • 5. Safety during the operation of near surface RAW disposal facilities • 6. Safety during the closing and after closure of near surface RAW disposal facilities 25

  26. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ NP-ХХХ-2013 «Radioactive waste acceptance criteria for disposal » • Key statements: • general requirements for characteristics of disposable waste forms and packages have to be established by the Federal Regulations • general acceptance criteria for each waste class have to be established by the Federal Regulations • fordisposalintospecificdisposalfasilitydetailedwasteacceptancecriteria have to be developed, taking into accountgeological, hydro geological, climatic and other conditionsofdisposalfacility allocation, amountofradioactivewaste, disposalfacilitiesdesignfeatures, processes, etc., thetimingofRAW disposal, theneedfortransportation. • responsibilities of RAW generators and operator of disposal facilities have to be separated and clearly defined 26

  27. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ NP-ХХХ-2013 «Radioactive waste acceptance criteria for disposal » Provisional Contents: • General Provisions • General requirements for disposal of solid waste: • requirements for radiation characteristics of RAW packages • requirements for physical and chemical RAW characteristics • requirements for the final form of RAW • requirements for containers and packs • General requirements for disposal of liquid waste • Development and validation of acceptance criteria for specific waste disposal facilities • Monitoring compliance with waste acceptance criteria • Documentation and passport of the package (party) of radioactive waste (solid and liquid) • Applications: General WAC for each waste class (Classes 1-6) 27

  28. Scientific and Engineering centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ И РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НТЦ Thank you for your attention!

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