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A.P. Euro Unit 3 Wars of Religion

A.P. Euro Unit 3 Wars of Religion. 3.1 France in Upheaval. Louis XI The Spider King (r. 1461-1483). Nicknamed for spinning his web Not trusted by father, brother, everyone Tried to overthrow his father Limited the power of the nobility

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A.P. Euro Unit 3 Wars of Religion

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  1. A.P. Euro Unit 3Wars of Religion • 3.1 France in Upheaval

  2. Louis XIThe Spider King(r. 1461-1483) • Nicknamed for spinning his web • Not trusted by father, brother, everyone • Tried to overthrow his father • Limited the power of the nobility • Establishes a kingdom with central authority over the nobility

  3. Italian Wars Begins French interest in Italy Invited by Innocent Encouraged by Sforza Savonarola Wanted Charles assistance Pope Alexander VI mad at Charles League of Venice Reforms French government Lowers taxes More equality in the law Italian Wars Rival of Pope Julius II and Holy League Charles VIII(r. 1483-1498) Louis XII(r. 1498-1515)

  4. Great Rivals say goodbye… • Francis I “Valois” of France (1494 – 1547) • Henry II • Charles V “Hapsburg” of Spain / H.R.E. (1500 – 1558) • Philip II and Ferdinand I • Henry VIII of England (1491 – 1547) • Edward, Mary , Elizaberth • Suleiman I of Ottomans (1494-1566) • Selim II

  5. Francis I (r. 1515-1547) • All France under royal courts • solidifies his power • Personal rivalry with Charles V of H.R.E. • Constantly tries to defeat him • Francis actually caught and ransomed after one disastrous battle • Makes an alliance with Suleiman I • Unheard of alliance with Catholic and Muslim

  6. Concordant of Bologna (1515) • Pope gets support from Francis over the council • King of France gets control of church in France • Sell positions (simony)

  7. The Problem 1. Catholic Clergy based on pay or rewards, not piety. 2. Bishops can’t support lower clergy 3. Parishioners get little attention 4. Parishioners turn towards Calvinism 5. Nobles begin to turn in search of more autonomy

  8. Treaty of Cateau - Cambresis(1559) • Henry II takes over for Francis I (r. 1547 – 1559) • Fights Charles V for control of Italy • Valois v. Hapsburg…again • France and Spain end their fighting • Clear victory for Spain • win control of majority of Italy • France focuses on themselves

  9. Henry II Don’t Joust when Your King Fall of the Valois Henry III Francis II Charles IX Weak and eventually assassinated Kind at 10, dead at 24 17 months and dead

  10. Huguenots Admiral de Coligny Henry of Navarre Catholics Guise Family CIVIL WAR VS. Violence begins in 1562 Catherine de’ Medici

  11. St. Bartholomew’s DayMassacre • Henry III is weak • Many nobles convert to Calvinism • Henry of Navarre • leading Calvinist Noble • marrying Margaret of Valois (Henry III’s sister) • Henry of Guise • leading Catholic Noble Henry of Navarre Henry of Guise Margaret of Valois

  12. Henry Guise has Gaspard attacked • Catholics massacre all the Huguenots they can find • Spreads across France • 12,000 Huguenots killed Gaspard de Coligny

  13. more CIVIL WAR • Spain invades to help Catholics • Protestants ask Queen Elizabeth for help • About to become full blown continental war...

  14. Politiques • Group of men who felt no doctrine, even religious, was worth destroying France • You lived in the state not the church

  15. Jean Bodine • “Sovereignty is that absolute and perpetual power vested in a commonwealth” • France needs a strong absolute leader • Hates the religious fighting between Huguenots and Catholics • chooses to become????

  16. War of the Three Henry’s (1584 - 1589)

  17. (1588) Henry III invites Henry Guise and brother to Paris • Henry III assassinates them • Blames the Politique

  18. Another one bites the dust. • Guise Supporters don’t believe Henry III • (1589) Assassinate Henry III

  19. Oooooh yeahhhh! Who’s left standing? Henry of Navarre

  20. “Paris is worth a mass.” • (1589) Henry converts to Catholicism to take the thrown • Paris is devoutly Catholic • Calms fears of Catholic nobles • Scares Huguenots

  21. Edict of Nantes (1598) • Protestantism allowed in towns where it existed in France • Gave Protestants civil rights • Protestants fortify over 150 cities

  22. And then? • Henry IV (Navarre) divorces Margaret • Marries Marie de Medici • had six children • Assassinated in 1610 • 10 year old Louis XIII takes over • mom at first, runs the show with...

  23. Cardinal Richilieu • Politique • Consolidated power in France • destroyed castles not needed by the king • no internal warfare allowed • limits rights of Huguenots • “Chief Minister” to the King • made deals with protestants • considered world’s first prime minister

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