The Economic and Social Value of Fostering Entrepreneurs in a Regional System:

1. The Economic and Social Value of Fostering Entrepreneurs in a Regional System: the Role of Education Incontri di Artimino XXIII Edizione Francesca Micozzi - Università Politecnica delle Marche

2. The Role of Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship plays a key role for economic development, both at national and local level and entrepreneurs are key agents of change in market economies. The emergence of new ventures is central to economic adaptation and change and one of the major factors associated with employment growth and increases in sector productivity. New business formationisviewedasmeans to securepresent and future job opportunities. Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

3. Entrepreneurial Education (EE) • During the last decades, there has been an explosion of courses and degrees at several levels in US. • Europe: still not fully accepted as an accademic discipline • Italy: the EE is underdeveloped – limited presence of entrepreneurship courses both in high and low education. Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

4. Premises and Aims • Italy has the lowest TEA in the world ranking (Gem Global report, 2010); • The entrepreneurial education in Italy is not spread. The aim of this work is threefold: • to investigate the different ways to spread entrepreneurial culture at regional level; • to launch the idea of identifying two main processes: education and learning on the one side and innovation and technology transfer on the other side, interacting each other in the regional ecosystem to reach the highest impact on social and economic; • to relocate entrepreneurial and management education in the innovation ecosystem by redesigning private and public actors’ roles. Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

5. The process of business creation ….recognizing specific entrepreneurial opportunities… Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

6. The regional ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship The process of business creation happens within an economic and social context. Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

7. The regional ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship in Marche region: CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND • The Marche regionisone of the mostindustrialisedregions in Italy and isconsidered a region of excellence, notonly for itseconomic performance, butalso for its cultural, natural and social richness; • A model of developmentbased on: • Myriad of SMEslocated in industrial districts; • Limited market orientation; • Entrepreneurs with lowlevels of formaleducation; • Family and paternalistic model of management. • New generation of entrepreneursseems to be emerging: • With a higherlevel of formaleducation; • The gender gap in entrepreneurial rate islessrelevantcompared to average of Italy; • The level of educationinfluences the probability to start a new firms in high-tech sectors. Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

8. The regional ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship in Marche region: ACTORS • Innovation Technology Transfer: • -Government (Regione Marche, Chambers of Commerce); • - Industrial Associations (Confindustria); • - ILO’s (Industrial Liason Offices) and TTO’s (Technological Transfer Offices); • - Academic and private R&D Departments (i.e. Centre for innovation and entrepreneurship – UNIVPM); • - Labs (Contamination Labs and Home Lab); • - Financial Services (Banks, Venture Capitalist); • - Incubators (i.e. JesiCube); • - Academic Spin offs. • Education: • -Universities (UNIVPM, Università di Urbino, Università di Camerino, Università di Macerata); • -Business School (Istituto Adriano Olivetti - ISTAO). Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

9. The connection between start-up process and entrepreneurialeducation Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

10. Long Life Training Educational Value Chain and Entrepreneurial /Management Training: METHODOLOGIES and CONTENTS High school University Businessschool Primary/ Secondary school • Methodology of entrepreneurship courses: • Theory and practical work joined for developing entrepreneurship know-how; • Multidisciplinarity; • Virtuous integration between knowledge and behaviours of different actors; • Circulation and exchanges of ideas creating meeting point (lab, working-project, team-work). • Contents of entrepreneurship education: • Primary /Secondary school: entrepreneurial attitude (business simulations, role plays, competitions); • High school: entrepreneurial/managerial skills (problem solving, planning…); • University: attitude to innovate and managing resources; • Business School: advance skills, competencies to start a new business; • Long Life Training: courses for re-training. Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

11. Conclusion • According to the endogenous growth theory it is important to foster students with high level of knowledge to start up new firms in high-tech sectors; • Entrepreneurship courses: • - at any level of education; • - should be compulsory; • - changing in assessment evaluation, from test knowledge and skill to test behaviour; • - be consistent to the regional economic system’s contingent needs and the changed features; • There is a need to establish a common policy to guarantee that each actor, involved in the entrepreneurial process, follows the same directions. Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013

12. Thanks for yourattention! Incontri di Artimino 7-9 Ottobre 2013