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The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System. The Human Organ Systems. Digestive Circulatory Respiratory Reproductive Excretory Muscular Endocrine Nervous Skeletal Immune Integumentary. What is its function??. It is composed of blood, the heart, and blood vessels.

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The Circulatory System

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  1. The Circulatory System

  2. The Human Organ Systems • Digestive • Circulatory • Respiratory • Reproductive • Excretory • Muscular • Endocrine • Nervous • Skeletal • Immune • Integumentary

  3. What is its function?? • It is composed of blood, the heart, and blood vessels. • Given the above description, what would be the circulatory systems function?

  4. The Circulatory Systems • Transportation of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide • Distribution of nutrients and transportation of wastes • Maintenance of body temperature • Circulation of hormones • Is the transport system of the body and has four principal functions

  5. Circulatory System Structure • Consists of 3 general Components • Blood – fluid where materials are transported • System of blood vessels or spaces throughout body in which the fluid moves • Pump – such as the heart that pushes fluid through the vessels or spaces • Heart and blood vessels are commonly known as the cardiovascular system

  6. Circulatory System Structure • Your circulatory system is a complex network of tissues and organs throughout your body • There are 96,000km of blood vessels in your body to sustain your 100 trillion cells • Earth’s circumference is 40,000 km

  7. The Two-System Circuit • The circulatory system is actually two systems in one • The Pulmonary Circuit • The Systemic Circuit

  8. The Pulmonary Circuit • The right side of the heart • Right side pumps blood to the lungs where the blood picks up Oxygen and then returns to the left side of the heart

  9. The Systemic Circuit • The Left Side of the Heart • The Left side pumps the oxygenated blood out to all parts of the body, where the blood vessels (arteries) deliver oxygen and other materials

  10. Heart Structure • What are the parts of the Heart?

  11. Heart Structure • Consists of a double pump that is separated by a wall of muscle called the septum. • The pump on the right powers the pulmonary circuit while the pump of the left powers the system circuit • Each pump consists of an atrium and a ventricle

  12. Heart Structure • Atria – receive blood from veins and arteries and pump it to the ventricles • Ventricles – receive the blood from the atria and pump it to the distant tissues

  13. Heart Structure • The heart has 4 chambers • The blood is aided through these chambers by 4 valves, these include: 1. Tricuspid valve– between the right atrium and right ventricle • Pulmonary valve– between the right ventricle and • pulmonary artery • Bicuspid (Mitral) valve – between the left atrium and • left ventricle 4. Aortic Valve – between the left ventricle and pulmonary vein

  14. Heart Chambers and Valves

  15. Blood Circulation • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hhw/contraction.html

  16. Blood Circulation • Inferior/Superior Vena CavaBlood moves right atrium  right ventricle  pulmonary arteries  lungs  pulmonary veins  left atrium  left ventricle  aorta  rest of body

  17. Heart Sounds and Pressure • The heart has 2 specialized bundle of nerves that control beating • Sinoatrial (SA) Node • Acts as a pacemaker and sets the rhythm of about • 72 beats per minute 2. Atrioventricular (AV) Node – Passes the nerve impulses to the ventricles, causing them to contract in unison

  18. Heart Sounds • What makes the lubb dubb sound?

  19. Heart Sounds • What Makes the lubb dubb sound? • they are caused by the closing of the heart valves

  20. Blood Pressure • Definition? • What do the numbers mean?

  21. Blood Pressure • The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the ventricles contract. • Is measured with 2 numbers: • Diastolic – relaxation (dilation) of the heart when the chambers fill with blood • Systolic – contraction of the ventricles, which blood is pushed out of the heart • Example: 120/80 mmHg • 120 - systolic • 80 - diastolic

  22. Blood Pressure Cycle

  23. Blood Pressure • What are some of the factors that affect blood pressure?

  24. Blood Vessels • Arteries • Carry blood away from heart to tissues and organs • Have thick walls with layers of muscle between layers of connective tissue • Flow into smaller vessels called arterioles • Heart Rate – number of heart beats per unit of time, usually measured in beats per minute • Measured by finding a pulse from an artery • Capillaries • Receive blood from arterioles • Very small diameter • Merge and become larger vessels called venules

  25. Blood Vessels • Veins • Merge from smaller vessels called venules • Return blood to the heart • Have valves that open in one direction, preventing blood flowing backwards • Contraction of muscles surrounding veins help push the blood towards the heart

  26. Blood Components • The average 70kg individual has 5 Litres of blood • 55% of blood is a liquid called plasma • 45% is red blood cells • less than 1% is white blood cells and platelets

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