Bio 12 – Organic molecules test review

1. Bio 12 – Organic molecules test review

2. Test Outline • Know all of the terms on your word list plus: polymer, polypeptide, dipeptide, peptide bond, cellulose, denature and coagulation. • Be familiar with the basic chemistry concepts (MC questions!) • Review your summary notes on carbohydrates. Make sure you can recognize and label the various types of carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides). Also know the chemical formula for glucose and a disaccharide

3. Know how and where different organisms store starches. • Be able to fully explain the process of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Also be able to identify a diagram of each process. • Review your summary notes on lipids: (saturated vs unsaturated fats, hydrogenation, cholesterol). Be able to recognize the structural formula of lipids.

4. Review your summary notes on proteins. Be able to identify and explain the four levels of complexity in proteins (see diagram sheet). Know the five uses of proteins and be able to draw the structural formula for an amino acid. • Be able to explain metabolism and the difference between the two categories of metabolic reactions (catabolic and anabolic)

5. Review your summary notes and questions on enzymes and enzyme reactions. Know the properties of enzymes and what can affect enzyme reactions. Be able to label and explain the lock and key model. • Be familiar with the basics of nucleic acids (see notes) • Be able to calculate the total calories for each biological molecule from a food label. (may use a calculator on test)

6. Review Questions • 1. What are the four levels of structures of proteins? • 2. What are proteins used for in our bodies? • 3. What two things can change the shape of proteins? • 4. What is the ratio of H:O in carbs? • 5. All organic molecules contain this element. • 6. Glucose and glucose combine to make this.

7. 7. The process which joins glucose and glucose. • 8. Simple sugars are known as? • 9. The chemical formula for glucose. • 10. Sucrose is an example of a? • 11. Animals store starch in this form. • 12. Animal starch is stored here. • 13. Triglycerides contain one molecule of?

8. 14. Triglycerides contain three molecules of? • 15. Breaking apart of a compound by adding water. • 16. Unsaturated fats are changed to saturated fats by adding this. • 17. The above process is called? • 18. This organic molecule is important in the structure of cell membranes. • 19. Name 3 important protein uses besides enzymes.

9. 20. Draw the chemical structure for an amino acid. • 21. This bond joins amino acids together. • 22. Many amino acids bonded together. • 23. Two amino acids bonded together. • 24. These affect the rate of a chemical reaction but remain unchanged. • 25. Known as a biological catalyst • 26. The substance upon which an enzyme acts.

10. 27. Name 3 factors which affect enzyme activity. • 28. A curling iron would have this effect on hair protein. • 29. This polysaccharide is often called “bulk” or roughage in our diets. • 30. What do DNA and RNA stand for? • 31. A sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base compose this unit. • 32. Nucleotides are the functional unit of? • 33. This is the enzyme found in our Enzyme Property lab.

11. 34. This is the substrate that combined with the enzyme in the lab. • 35. This was the inorganic catalyst used in the enzyme lab. • 36. An external condition which denatured the enzyme in the lab. • 37. Approximately how many proteins are in each cell in the human body? • 38. Which gives more energy per gram – carbohydrates, fats or proteins? • 39. This element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates or fats.

12. 40. The number of protons + neutrons. • 41. The number of protons is called the? • 42. What are the four main organic compounds we studied? • 43. Compounds that do not contain carbon are classified as? • 44. Carbon atoms are tetravalent which means what? • 45. An atom with a charge. • 46. Atoms with the same atomic number but different masses.

13. 47. This type of bonding involves sharing electrons. • 48. Fats with single carbon bonds are called? • 49. Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures. • 50. What is a permanent change of protein shape called?

14. Answers • 1.Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary • 2.Building a repairing body cells and tissue • 3.Heat, pH • 4. 2:1 • 5. carbon • 6.maltose • 7.dehydration synthesis • 8.monosaccharides

15. 9. C6H12O6 • 10. disaccharide • 11. glycogen • 12. liver • 13. glycerol • 14. fatty acids • 15. hydrolysis • 16.hydrogen • 17. hydrogenation • 18. lipids (phospholipids) • 19. structures, antibodies, and hormones • 20. drawing of an amino acid • 21. peptide bond • 22. polypeptides • 23. dipeptide • 24. catalyst

16. 25. enzymes • 26. substrate • 27. heat, pH, and concentration of substrate • 28 denature • 29. fibre • 30. deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid • 31. nucleotide • 32. nucleic acids • 33. peroxidase • 34. hydrogen peroxide • 35. manganese dioxide • 36. heat (boiling the liver) • 37. ten thousand • 38. fats • 39. nitrogen • 40. atomic mass • 41. atomic number • 42. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

17. 43. inorganic • 44. they are capable of four bonds • 45. ion • 46. isotopes • 47. covalent bonding • 48. saturated • 49. isomers • 50. coagulation