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Anubis and the Mummification Process

Anubis and the Mummification Process. Erna Husic Morgan Kuehn Katie Moore. The God of Embalming; Anubis. Patron of: mummification, and the dead on their path through the underworld . Appearance: A man with the head of a jackal-like animal.

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Anubis and the Mummification Process

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  1. Anubis and the Mummification Process Erna Husic Morgan Kuehn Katie Moore

  2. The God of Embalming; Anubis • Patron of: mummification, and the dead on their path through the underworld. • Appearance: A man with the head of a jackal-like animal. • Was the original god of the dead before Osiris “took over.” • Watches over the mummification process. • He conducts the souls through the underworld

  3. Continued… • Worship: • - Worshipped widely throughout all of Egypt, his cult center was Cynopolis. • Family: • - Son of Ra and Nepthys/Set and Nepthys. • Set and Anubis have the same totem animal. • Some, Heset is his mother. • Others, Bast. • Daughter=Kabechet

  4. Step One: Announcement of Death • Let’s the people know that someone has died. • Messenger is sent out for announcement. • Allows people to get ready for mourning and the ceremony.

  5. Step Two: Embalming the Body Second Step: Embalming the Body • Embalmers: -Located in special tents/buildings (embalming workshops) -Maintained by teams of priests -Horrible smell

  6. Step Three: Removal of the Brain • First part to be removed • Waste of space • Hook was inserted through the nose • Put in water to dissolve • Some think that the water was thrown out. • Others think that it was put in the burial chamber.

  7. Step Four: Removal of Internal Organs • The liver, the lungs, the stomach, and the intestines. • Each organ was individually mummified • Canopic jars • Four jars, one for each organ • All protected by the four sons of Horus

  8. The Four Sons of Horus • Imset - protected the liver (head of a human) • Ha’py – watched over the lungs (head of a baboon) • Duamutef – looked after the stomach (head of a jackel) • Qebehsenuef - looked over the intestines (head of a falcon)

  9. The End of Step Four • Inside of the body was washed out with palm oil, lotions, and preserving fluids • Stuffed with linen, straw, etc.

  10. Step Five: Drying Out Process • Placed on slab • Covered with nacron/naltron salt • Slab was tilted to remove water into basin • Taken outside to dry • When completely dry, wrapping began

  11. Step Six: Wrapping it Up • Painstaking process • Body was anointed with oils, and a gold piece with the Eye of Horus was placed over the slit in the abdomen. • Took breaks for prayer • Mummia was placed to “glue” together • Hundreds of yards of linen • Each toe & finger were wrapped separetely. • Charms, amulets, and inscribed pieces of papyrus were placed between each layer of bandage. • Eye of Horus was often used (symbol of protection) • Fake eyes & make-up was applied • Painted portrait mask was placed over the head • Lastly, the body was placed in a painted/decorated coffin

  12. Step Seven: Final Procession • Family & friends walked through the town on their way to the burial place • Mourners were paid to cry (gods of other world saw that they were well loved) • Before taken into the tomb: “Opening of the Mouth” took place

  13. “Opening of the Mouth” • Performed by priests outside the burial chamber. • Family recited spells while priests touched different parts of the mummy’s face with instruments. • Egyptians believed that the mummy wouldn’t be able to eat, see, hear, or move in the afterlife if the ceremony didn’t take place. • The mummy was then laid in the burial chamber along with all of his belongings, the canopic jars, and the Book of the Dead. • Then the tomb was sealed.

  14. The Weighing of the Heart: • Most important task (wasn’t seen by anyone) • Most powerful part of a person was his heart • Never removed (considered to be the center of a person’s being) • Gods of underworld judges the heart • Maat, the goddess of truth, brought out her scale (one side was the mummy’s heart and the other was the Feather of Truth) • Anubis, the god of the underworld, made the final judgment • Thoth, the scribe god, recorded it all • Heart balanced the feather=soul of mummy is granted immortality • Heart was heavier than feather=soul was doomed to horrible fate.

  15. Citation Page • "Anubis." 1996. TourEgypt. 22 Sep 2010 http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/anubis.htm • "A Taste of Egypt." e-Com Web Design. 22 Sep 2010 http://atasteofegypt.co.uk/ • "Embalming." 2004. El-Mashreq. 22 Sep 2010 www.bazaaar.com • "Four Sons of Horus." 22 Sep 2010 www.umanitoba.ca • "Mummification Process." The Tomb of the Chihuahua Pharaohs. 22 Sep 2010 http://www.angelfire.com/wi/egypt/mummy2.html • "Removal of Brain." November 2003. Egyptology Page: Book of Toth. 22 Sep 2010 egyptologypage.tripod.com • “Removal of Internal Organs." 2010. Horticulture & Landscape Architecture. 22 Sep 2010 www.hort.purdue.edu

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