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Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. An Introduction. Psychological Disorder. A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable. What is abnormal, disturbing maladaptive and unjustifiable depends on:. Culture. Time Period.

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders An Introduction

  2. Psychological Disorder • A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable. What is abnormal, disturbing maladaptive and unjustifiable depends on: • Culture • Time Period • Environmental Conditions • Individual Person

  3. Early Theories • Afflicted people were possessed by evil spirits.

  4. Early Theories • Music or singing was often used to chase away spirits. • In some cases trephening was used: Cutting a hole in the head of the afflicted to let out the evil spirit.

  5. Trephening

  6. Early Theories • Another theory was to make the body extremely uncomfortable.

  7. History of Mental Disorders • In the 1800’s, disturbed people were no longer thought of as madmen, but as mentally ill. They were first put in hospitals. Did this mean better treatment?

  8. Early Mental Hospitals • They were nothing more than barbaric prisons. • The patients were chained and locked away. • Some hospitals even charged admission for the public to see the “crazies”, just like a zoo.

  9. Philippe Pinel • French doctor who was the first to take the chains off and declare that these people are sick and “a cure must be found!!!”

  10. Somatogenic • At this time- it was believed that mental illness had a bodily cause- Somatogenic. General Paresis and Syphilis Example. But Somatogenic could not explain disorders such as hysteria (now called conversion disorder). Many disorders are psychogenic: the origin is psychological, not physical.

  11. Current Perspectives • Medical Perspective: psychological disorders are sicknesses and can be diagnosed, treated and cured.

  12. Current Perspectives • Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective: assumes biological, psychological and sociocultural factors combine to interact causing psychological disorders. Used to be called Diathesis-Stress Model: diathesis meaning predisposition and stress meaning environment.

  13. Classifying Psychological Disorders • DSM-IV: Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: the big book of disorders. Two Major Classifications:

  14. Neurotic Disorders • Distressing but one can still function in society and act rationally

  15. Psychotic Disorders • Person loses contact with reality, experiences distorted perceptions

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