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Industrialization and. Lecture 1. Gilded Age Politics. Standard 11.2.3. Trace the effect of the Americanization movement. Essential Question: Explain the changes that were brought about by the publishing of How The Other Half Lives , and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.
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Industrialization and Lecture 1 Gilded Age Politics
Standard 11.2.3 • Trace the effect of the Americanization movement. • Essential Question: Explain the changes that were brought about by the publishing of How The Other Half Lives, and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.
History can be divided into four broad categories. • Not all events are easily placed in any one category. • Political -- Governments, wars, treaties, laws, court cases, elections, and political parties • Economic -- Money, taxes, manufacture, and trade • Geographic -- Topography, climate, agriculture, and resources • Social -- Religion, entertainment, immigration, and social movements
The Effects of the Civil War on Industrialization • Expansion of Northern Industrialization and Markets • Factories = Mass Production = Low Prices • North = production and manufacturing of goods. • West and South = Raw Materials • wheat, corn, livestock, iron, timber, gold, silver, coal • Failure of Reconstruction • African Americans in the South had rights on paper • 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
Importance of the Railroad • Railroads = Fast, Cheap, Efficient • Land Grants • Railroad Materials helped built industry • 1865 and 1900 the US built over 150,000 miles of railroad • mining, lumber, steel mills, chemical plants • Union Pacific and Central Pacific, 1869 • Irish and Chinese Labor • Time Zones • Railroads created time zones for efficiency CSS 11.2.6
The Boss • Political Machines • “bosses” controlled elections by exchanging votes for government jobs and contracts • Most Famous • Tammany Hall in New York City • William “Boss” Tweed • 1860s and 1870s
Graft • Graft • someone profits personally from the public budget • this is very illegal • they sell property to the government or the government picks their company to build public buildings • Tweed charged the city $13 million to build a $3 million courthouse
“Nast”y Politics • Thomas Nast • drew pictures of Tweed in Harper’s Weekly • ultimately helped put him in jail • Nast created the symbol of the Republican party • the elephant
Pendleton Act, 1883 • the “spoils system” allowed the president to hand out jobs to his friends • the new law made government employees take the civil service exam to qualify
Urbanization • the rapid growth of cities created new problems • housing, transportation, water, and sanitation, firefighting and crime • from 1820 to 1914 immigration exploded
typists seamstresses
Tenement Housing • tenements were multi-story slums with little ventilation • Jacob Riis wrote How the Other Half Lives • new laws set standards for buildings in 1901
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1911 • a fire on the 8th floor prevented workers on the 9th floor from getting out of the building • 146 garment workers died • public outrage led to new laws that protected workers’ rights