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Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides

Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides. 14.1 Carboxylic Acids. Carboxylic Acids. A carboxylic acid contains a carboxyl group, which consists of a hydroxyl group  OH attached to the carbon in a carbonyl group. IUPAC Names for Carboxylic Acids.

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Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides

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  1. Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides 14.1 Carboxylic Acids

  2. Carboxylic Acids A carboxylic acid contains a carboxyl group, which consists of a hydroxyl group OH attached to the carbon in a carbonyl group.

  3. IUPAC Names for Carboxylic Acids In the IUPAC names of carboxylic acids, • the -e in the alkane name is replaced with-oic acid CH4 Methane HCOOH Methanoicacid CH3—CH3 Ethane CH3—COOH Ethanoicacid • substituents are numbered from the carboxyl carbon 1 CH3 O CH3—CH—CH2—C—OH 4 3 2 1 3-methylbutanoic acid

  4. Common and IUPAC Names of Some Carboxylic Acids

  5. Common Carboxylic Acids Methanoic acid (formic acid) O HCOH Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) O CH3COH

  6. Naming Carboxylic Acids

  7. Naming Carboxylic Acids Give the IUPAC name for the following carboxylic acid. Step 1 Identify the carbon chain containing the carboxyl group and replace the -e inthe alkane name with -oic acid. Pentanoic acid

  8. Naming Carboxylic Acids Give the IUPAC name for the following carboxylic acid. Step 2 Give the location and name of each substituent on the main chain by counting the carboxyl carbon as 1. 2-methylpentanoic acid

  9. Aromatic Carboxylic Acids Benzoic acid • is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid • locates substituents by numbering the ring from carbon 1 in the carboxyl group

  10. Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are naturally occurring carboxylic acids with a hydroxyl group (OH) on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group.

  11. Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) • are used to remove acne scars and age spots • were used by Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, who bathed in sour milk, which contains lactic acid, an AHA

  12. Learning Check Give the IUPAC names of each compound. A. CH3CH2COOH B. CH3 | CH3CHCH2COOH C.

  13. Solution Give the IUPAC names of each compound. A. CH3CH2COOH propionoic acid B. CH3 | CH3CHCH2COOH C. 3-methylbutanoic acid 3-bromobenzoic acid

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