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Enzymes

Enzymes. Enzymes : molecules that catalyze reactions in living cells -most are proteins -lower the activation energy required for a reaction -are not changed or consumed by the reaction. Enzymes & Reactions. Most reactions require some energy to get started.

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Enzymes

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  1. Enzymes Enzymes: molecules that catalyze reactions in living cells -most are proteins -lower the activation energy required for a reaction -are not changed or consumed by the reaction

  2. Enzymes & Reactions Most reactions require some energy to get started. activation energy: extra energy needed to get a reaction started -destabilizes existing chemical bonds catalysts: substances that lower the activation energy of a reaction

  3. Enzymes Enzymes interact with substrates. substrate: molecule that will undergo a reaction active site:region of the enzyme that binds to the substrate

  4. Enzyme Form and Function • Lock & key Model: The shape of an enzyme allows it to do a specific job much like a lock and key.

  5. Denaturing Enzymes • When an enzyme is denatured it is damaged. • Denaturing changes the shape. • Without the correct shape enzymes won’t function properly. • HOW are enzymes denatured? • Temperature • pH

  6. Naming Enzymes • Take the name of the substrate the enzyme works on and add the suffix -ase • Example: Lactose  Lactase • GalactoseGalactase • Fructose Fructase • Protein  Protease • Lipid  Lipase

  7. What factors control the action of enzymes? • Temperature • Water Content • pH • Chemicals • Alteration of Substrates • Alteration of Products

  8. Enzyme Inhibitors • Chemicals that prevent the enzyme from working. • Inhibitors decrease the enzyme reaction rate • Certain Drugs, Pathogens, Pesticides, and Metabolic Imbalances are Inhibitors. • Found in Nuts, Grains, Legumes and Seeds

  9. Enzymes in Foods • Foods with High Enzyme content • Extra Virgin Olive Oil, raw honey, grapes, figs and tropical fruits such as avacado, dates, bananas, pineapple, kiwe, papaya and mangos • Raw peanuts and potatoes are Enzyme inhibitors (prevent enzymes from working) • Put strain on digestive organs • Fermentation and Cooking foods avoid this

  10. Enzymes are used all over your body!

  11. Enzyme Deficiency Lipase Deficient: Lipase digests fats and fat-soluble vitamins Problems include: • High Cholesterol • Difficulty losing weight • High triglycerides • Decreased cell permeability(can't get glucose out of cells • Muscle Spasms • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome • Spastic Colon • Vertigo

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