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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. Citizens and the Living Heritage of Texas. Chapter 21: Citizens and the Living Heritage of Texas. Section 1: Responsibilities of Citizenship. Section 2: Diversity of the People. Section 3: Diversity of the Land. Section 4: Diversity of Resources.

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 Citizens and the Living Heritage of Texas

  2. Chapter 21: Citizens and the Living Heritage of Texas Section 1: Responsibilities of Citizenship Section 2: Diversity of the People Section 3: Diversity of the Land Section 4: Diversity of Resources Section 5: Diversity of Economic Activities

  3. What are the requirements for U.S. citizenship? Why do people join political parties? Why is jury duty an important part of citizenship? Chapter 21-1 - Objectives

  4. Citizen - a member of a nation who is entitled to all rights All people born in Texas or any other U.S. state are American citizens. People born outside the United States can become naturalized. Naturalized - to become citizens by meeting certain requirements determined by the United States Congress Patriotism - the love of one’s country A patriot is someone who has a passion to serve his or her country by protecting its rights, maintaining its laws and regulations, or protecting it from invasion. Chapter 21, Section 1 Citizenship: Voting and Elections

  5. Voting By voting, citizens choose the people who will represent them in local, state, and national government. Only American citizens may vote in the United States. Convicted felons may not vote until they have served out their punishment. People declared mentally incompetent may not vote. Texas voters must be residents of the state and at least 18 years old. Elections Texas has three types of elections. Primary elections - Members of a political party choose their candidates for the general elections. General elections - Voters choose who will govern the city, county, state, or country. Special elections - Special elections are called to fill offices that have become vacant. Citizenship: Voting and Elections Chapter 21, Section 1

  6. Campaign - an effort to win an elected office Political parties - groups that seek to gain power by electing candidates to office Role of Political Parties For the past 150 years, the two major parties have been the Democrats and the Republicans. Political parties work to: Help their candidates win as many elections as possible Pass laws that reflect the party’s ideals Monitor the members of the opposition Special interest group - a group that tries to influence public policy Political action committees - groups that raise funds to support candidates Running for Office Chapter 21, Section 1

  7. Good citizens understand the democratic values of their state and country. By serving on a jury, citizens help preserve the right of all Americans to a jury of their peers. Staying informed is another way to promote citizenship. Citizenship: Taking Part Chapter 21, Section 1

  8. How has diversity had a positive effect on the culture of Texas? Which ethnic group is currently growing the fastest in Texas? Diversity of the People Chapter 21, Section 2

  9. Native American culture is evident in place names like Texas, Caddo Lakes, and Karankawa Bay. Spaniards brought the Roman Catholic faith to Texas. Hundreds of places in Texas have Spanish names and examples of Spanish architecture. Hispanic Americans gave Texas its cowboy culture. Texans celebrate several Tejano holidays. Mexican music left its mark on Texas. Anglos brought British law and methods of governing to Texas. Immigrant groups settled in cohesive (closely tied together) farm towns. They brought their language, clothing styles, foods, faith, and music to Texas. African Americans have made notable contributions in music, art, literature, folklore, and religion. Asian food and ceremonies are popular throughout Texas. Native Americans Spaniards Mexican Americans Anglo Americans Other Europeans African Americans Asian Americans Texas Culture Chapter 21, Section 2

  10. Diversity in the Texas Population 2000 Chapter 21, Section 2

  11. Texas is growing faster than the nation as a whole. The Hispanic and Asian populations are growing the fastest, especially in the urban areas. By 2025, Hispanic Americans will likely outnumber white Americans in Texas. More than half the Anglos in Texas live in the suburbs. In contrast, only 9 percent of African Americans and 6 percent of Hispanics live in the suburbs. Texas Population Today Chapter 21, Section 2

  12. What are some of the major attractions on the Gulf Coast? What is the climate in the Mountains and Basins region? How much rain does Central Texas usually receive in a year? What type of land is found in the Texas Panhandle? Diversity of the Land Chapter 21, Section 3

  13. Basic Features nearly level plains rolling, hilly coastal plains inland many streams and rivers Attractions fishing bird watching San Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park Battleship Texas Washington-on-the-Brazos State Park Star of the Republic Museum On the Coast Chapter 21, Section 3

  14. Basic Features Rugged plateaus Desert valleys Wooded slopes Guadalupe Peak, the highest point in Texas Edwards Plateau Plateau - an elevated, level expanse of land Attractions Big Bend National Park Guadalupe Mountains National Park Seminole Canyon Historic Park Fort Davis National Historic Park Mountains and Basins Region Chapter 21, Section 3

  15. Basic Features Large amounts of flat land Small sections of rolling hills Large concentration of farmland Attractions State capitol Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum Texas Ranger Hall of Fame Museum Texas Sports Hall of Fame The Alamo Spanish missions The Riverwalk Central Texas Chapter 21, Section 3

  16. Basic Features Mostly flat land Rolling hills in the southeastern section Attractions Palo Duro Canyon State Scenic Park Caprock Canyons State Park Lubbock Lake National Historic and State Archaeological Landmark Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum Texas Panhandle and South Plains Chapter 21, Section 3

  17. How have rivers been important to people who live in Texas? What are the most important natural mineral resources in Texas? How have Texans used the forests in their state? Diversity of Resources Chapter 21, Section 4

  18. Rivers and Lakes Texas has 13 major rivers and more than 11,000 streams. Texans use some rivers for irrigation, transportation, and shipping. Rivers provide electric power in some areas. Many Texas lakes are reservoirs and provide water for irrigation and drinking. Reservoir– a body of water in which water is stored for later use. Aquifers An aquifer is an underground layer of earth that yields water through springs or wells. More than half the water used in Texas comes from aquifers. The Ogallala Aquifer accounts for 90 percent of the water supplied by Texas aquifers. The Edwards Aquifer supplies water to San Antonio. Texas Water Resources Chapter 21, Section 4

  19. Petroleum Texas used its petroleum resource to become a leader in oil and gas production. Natural Gas Natural gas is used to fuel furnaces, water heaters, stoves, and ovens. Helium Helium is a byproduct of natural gas. It is used for balloons, airships, lasers, and refrigerators. Coal Coal is used to fuel boilers, steam engines, and furnaces. Salt Texas produces about one fifth of the nation’s salt. Other Minerals Sulfur, gravel, iron, cement, magnesium, lead, and zinc add to the state’s bounty of resources. Natural Mineral Resources Chapter 21, Section 4

  20. Soil East Texas has light timbered soil. Central and north central sections of the state have dark prairie soils. Soil in the Coastal Plain is heavy clay. South and West Texas contain black earth soils. The High Plains region contains brown grasslands soil. Vegetation More than 22 million square acres of forest cover the state. Texas has 570 varieties of grasses, more than any other state. In recent years, grasslands have been taken over by mesquite, shrubs, and other brush. Texas grasslands are a resource in need of conservation. Soil and Vegetation Chapter 21, Section 4

  21. What are the most profitable crops that are currently grown in Texas? How has the electronics industry in Texas changed since the 1950s? Diversity of Economic Activities Chapter 21, Section 5

  22. Free enterprise is a system that allows businesses the freedom to work for profit with little government control. Agriculture Texas leads the nation in numbers of farms and ranches. Agriculture brings more than $40 billion to the state each year. Texas ranchers raise cattle, sheep, goats, and hogs. Cotton is the most profitable export crop in the state. Texas leads the nation in cotton production. Manufacturing Texas leads the United States in oil and natural gas production. Texas is also a leading maker of steel. The food processing industry continues to grow in Texas. Free Enterprise Chapter 21, Section 5

  23. Technology One in four manufacturing jobs in Texas involve making computers or electronics. The computer and electronics industries account for half of Texas exports. These industries are the state’s largest employers. Transportation Rising exports to Mexico have led to an increase in trucking and courier services. The state’s well-developed infrastructure makes transportation easier. Texas leads the nation in miles of railroad track. Infrastructure–a system of public works, such as roads and bridges. Modern Economy Chapter 21, Section 5

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