Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

1. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Types of Wood Coniferous Difuse Porous Ring Porous

2. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Softwood (coniferous trees) Hardwood diffuse porous (deciduous trees) Hardwood ring-porous (deciduous trees)

3. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Picea Pinus Taxus Tsuga smithiana walichiana baccata dumosa

4. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ General Ring Structure

5. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Abies spectabilis Cupressus torulosa Juniperus recurva

6. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ False Ring Cells leading into the false ring will gradually decrease in size and then gradually increase back to earlywood cells.

7. Definitions:_ Parenchyma: thin walled tissue concerned primarily with the storage and distribution of carbohydrates. Terminal Parenchyma: the last parenchyma formed in a years growth. In some diffuse porous species it is all that Appears to denote the limit of a ring. Tree-Ring: The annual increment of zylem growth produced around a trees’ circumference in one year. Earlywood: springwood. The xylem cells formed during The beginning of the growing season. Latewood: the xylem cells formed during the mid-end of The growing season. Resin Canals: tubular space surrounded by secreting cells bearing resin in certain softwoods. Traumatic Resin Canals: resin canals supposedly arising From injury. Annual Increment: The radial xylem growth produced in a single year. Commonly measured to the nearest 0.001 mm.

8. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Rhododendron Acer Sorbus arboreum pectinatum microphylla

9. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Betula Castanopsis Quercus Juglans utilis hystrix semicarpifolia regia

10. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Oak Ring Structure. Oaks rarely have missing rings but they can have very compressed growth.

11. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Offset Across Rays Oak often exhibits an offset in the rings across rays.

12. Definitions:_ Limiting Factors: Conditions of a trees environment that Have the most control on the rate at which a tree grows. When all limiting factors are sufficient growth is unimpeded, when any single limiting factor falls below or near the minimum requirement for a tree species in a specific environment then growth of the tree is negatively effected.

13. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Auxin Model Growth hormone is produced in the canopy of the tree and trickles down the trunk initiating ring growth around the stem.

14. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Locally Absent Rings Rings may be locally absent along the length of the tree.

15. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Terminal height growth Tree ring diameter growth

16. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ The influence of climate.

17. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Tree growth throughout the year.

18. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth:__________________________ ________ The role of climate. valley mountain north south

19. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth:__________________________ ________ Climate response model Eastern White Cedar Québec, Canada Temperature Precipitation Interior Cliff Shore

20. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth:__________________________ ________ Climate response model …Mogan Ridge. USA

21. Definitions:_________________________________________________Definitions:_________________________________________________ False Ring: an incomplete start of final latewood development. Locally Absent Ring:(LAR) an incomplete growth layer. Time Series: An orderly sequence of events or measurements that may change over time. Biological Growth Curve: The average radial growth of as tree as measured over time. Indices:Relative annual growth variations that no longer vary with the age of tree.

22. Definitions:_________________________________________________Definitions:_________________________________________________ Chronology: A time series of mean growth measurements from a specific site and species. Master Chronology: A precisely dated mean chronology. Climate:Seasonal conditions of precipitation and temp- erature measured in months or years or centuries. Response Model: percent climate expressed in tree-rings. Paleoclimate: Past climate prior to instrumental record keeping. Paleomaterial: Preserved specimens of datable material that can be used in building longer chronologies than one can build from living trees.

23. Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________ Complacent and sensitive tree-ring growth.

24. Definitions:_ Standardization: The process by which the biological growth curve is removed from the individual raw ring width measurements producing a new time series of index values (indices). These dimensionless values of year to year variation are commonly calculated either by division or subtraction of a raw annual increment by the mean biological growth curve value for the same year (e.g., It = Rt/Gt ).