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Introduction, History, and Selected Topics in Fundamental Theories of Metamaterials

Introduction, History, and Selected Topics in Fundamental Theories of Metamaterials. N. Engheta and R. W. Ziolkowiski, Metamaterials – Physics and Engineering Explorations , Wiley, New York, Ch.1. Advisor: Prof. Ruey-Beei Wu Speaker: Ting-Yi Huang ( 黃定彝 ). Outlines. Introduction

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Introduction, History, and Selected Topics in Fundamental Theories of Metamaterials

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  1. Introduction, History, and Selected Topics in Fundamental Theories of Metamaterials N. Engheta and R. W. Ziolkowiski, Metamaterials – Physics and Engineering Explorations, Wiley, New York, Ch.1 Advisor: Prof. Ruey-Beei Wu Speaker: Ting-Yi Huang (黃定彝)

  2. Outlines • Introduction • Theory and simulation • Interesting phenomena • Basic Applications • Conclusion

  3. Outlines • Introduction • History • Basic concepts • Theory and simulation • Interesting phenomena • Basic Applications • Conclusion

  4. History (1/5) • Microwave experiment on twisted structures by Jagadis Chunder Bose, 1898 B: radiating box P: polarizer A: analyzer S, S’: screen R: receiver J. C. Bose, “On the rotation of plane of polarisation of electric waves by a twisted structure,” Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 63, pp. 146–152, 1898.

  5. History (2/5) • Artificial chiral media by embedding randomly oriented small wire helices in host media, Lindman, 1914 O: transmitter I: indicator B, U: metal tubes R: sensor dipole T: tuner V, G: display M: chiral medium I. V. Lindell, A. H. Sihvola, and J. Kurkijarvi, “Karl F. Lindman: The last Hertzian, and a Harbinger of electromagnetic chirality,” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 24–30, 1992

  6. History (3/5) • Lightweight microwave lenses by periodical spheres, disks, and strips, Kock, 1948 W. E. Kock, “Waveguide lens system,” U.S. Patent 2,596,251, May 13, 1952.

  7. History (4/5) • Theoretical study on plane wave propagation in materials with negative permittivity and permeability, Veselago, 1967 V. G. Veselago, “The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ,” Sov. Phys. Uspekhi, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 509–514, 1968. [Usp. Fiz. Nauk, vol. 92, pp. 517–526, 1967.]

  8. History (5/5) • Anomalous refraction in composite medium, Smith and Schultz, 2000 R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction,” Science, vol. 292, no. 5514, pp. 77–79, 6 Apr. 2001

  9. Basic Concepts (1/2) • Names and terminologies • Left-hand media • Media with negative refraction index • Backward-wave media • Double-negative (DNG) metamaterials

  10. Basic Concepts (2/2) • Classification • Double positive (DPS) medium • Epsilon-negative (ENG) medium • Mu-negative (MNG) medium • Double-negative (DNG) medium

  11. Outlines • Introduction • Theory and simulation • Material models • Wave parameters • FDTD simulations • Causality • Interesting phenomena • Basic Applications • Conclusion

  12. Material Models (1/2) • Lorentz model : damping coefficient : coupling coefficient resonant at f0 for : electric susceptibility

  13. Material Models (2/2) • Special cases producing negative ε • Debye model: small acceleration • Drude model: negligible restoring force – negative for – plasma frequency

  14. Wave Parameters • DNG media with small loss • Wavenumber and impedance • Index of refraction

  15. FDTD Simulations (1/2) • Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method … … K. S. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 14, pp. 302-307, May 1966

  16. FDTD Simulations (2/2) • Lossy Drude polarization/magnetization model • Model implementation in FDTD

  17. Causality • Nondispersive DNG medium is noncausal

  18. Outlines • Introduction • Theory and simulation • Interesting phenomena • Scattering • Backward waves • Negative refraction • Basic Applications • Conclusion

  19. Scattering • Scattering with DNG slab • Growing evanescent wave in matched DNG slab

  20. Backward waves

  21. Negative Refraction (1/2) • Snell’s Law

  22. Negative Refraction (2/2) • In DNG media • For matched low loss DNG slab

  23. Outlines • Introduction • Theory and simulation • Interesting phenomena • Basic Applications • Phase compensation • Dispersion compensation • Subwavelength focusing • Zero index of refraction • Conclusion

  24. Phase Compensation • Phase difference • Zero phase difference • Time-delayed WG with zero phase delay

  25. Dispersion Compensation

  26. Subwavelength Focusing (1/6) • Perfect focusing • Paraxial focusing y = 2d n=1 n=1 n=-1 n=-2 y = -2d

  27. Subwavelength Focusing (2/6) • Perfect focus solution:

  28. Subwavelength Focusing (3/6) • Paraxial foci

  29. Subwavelength Focusing (4/6) • Source far from the slab

  30. Subwavelength Focusing (5/6) • Gaussian beam with two different slabs

  31. Subwavelength Focusing (6/6) • Planoconcave DNG lens

  32. Zero Index of Refraction (1/3) • Matched zero-index medium • Maxwell’s equations Automatically satisfied for finite fields

  33. Zero Index of Refraction (2/3) • Infinite cylindrical zero-index medium ⊙

  34. Zero Index of Refraction (3/3)

  35. Outlines • Introduction • Theory and simulation • Interesting phenomena • Basic Applications • Conclusion

  36. Conclusion • Summary • Fundamental properties of DNG metamaterials • Interesting, unconventional features • Future work • More comprehensive review • Future potential applications

  37. Thanks for your attention.

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