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Hypertension & Oral Health. By Anas Juma Hadithi 731. Etiology:. Smoking Obesity Diabetes Sedentary lifestyle Lack of physical activity High levels of salt intake (sodium sensitivity). Insufficient calcium, potassium, and magnesium consumption Vitamin D deficiency
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Hypertension & Oral Health By AnasJumaHadithi 731
Etiology: • Smoking • Obesity • Diabetes • Sedentary lifestyle • Lack of physical activity • High levels of salt intake (sodium sensitivity). • Insufficient calcium, potassium, and magnesium consumption • Vitamin D deficiency • High levels of alcohol consumption • Stress • Aging • Medicines such as birth control pills • Genetics and a family history of hypertension . • Chronic kidney disease • Adrenal and thyroid problems or tumors
Effects on Oral Health: • Often medications that are used to treat hypertension (anti-hypertensive medications) can have effects on the oral environment. Some may cause patients to experience dry mouth, also known as Xerostomia. • Overtime if left untreated,Xerostomia will lower the pHwithin the oralcavity, which will increase the development of plaqueand therefordentalcaries.
An altered sense of taste (Dysgeusia) is another effect hypertension medications may have on the oral cavity as well as some others may make patients more likely to faint when raised in a dental chair too quickly, which is a reaction known as Orthostatic Hypotension.
Gingival overgrowth (Gingival Hyperplasia) is another possible side-effect of medications used to treat high blood pressure, for example, Calcium channel blockers can often have this effect .Some patients will have to undergo gingival surgery to remove some of the gingiva, but quite often it will just grow back. The gingiva are very difficult to look after when experiencing this overgrowth, as plaque can easily get trapped underneath and as they are often quite sore, it is difficult to brush and therefore maintain good oral health.
Dental Management: • Patients with high blood pressure should have their dentist check their blood pressure at each visit. Depending on how high the blood pressure is, how well it is controlled & whether the patient has any other medical conditions, the dentist can decide whether or not it is safe for non-emergency treatment to be completed.
Local Anesthesia: • Recommended for patient with hypertension because it will decrease pain & increase comfort. • Intravascularinjection of local anesthesia will provide hypotension. • Epinephrine-containing LA should not be administered to patients talking beta-blockingagent because it will cause interaction & cause hypertension.
Vasoconstrictors: • Vasoconstrictors (Eg: Dopamine) increases peripheral resistance, so it would increase blood pressure given a constant flow. That is, if you increase the resistance to blood flow, it requires a higher pressure difference to maintain any particular flow rate of blood. You need to push harder against resistance for a given flow.
If the patient has Hypertension: • Discontinue dental treatment. • Place the patient on the left side. • Allow the patient to rest. • Re-check the BP after 5 mins. • If the BP is consistently high & severe, The patient may be given Furosemide (40mg) or Captopril (25mg). • If the is no improvement, call for medical assistance.
By AnasJumaHadithi • 731
