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Unit V Review

Unit V Review. Lessons XXII - XXVIII. Formation of Adverbs . Adverbs are formed by adding ē to the base of a 1 st or 2 nd declension adjective (we only know 1 st and 2 nd declension adjectives at this point!).

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Unit V Review

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  1. Unit V Review Lessons XXII - XXVIII

  2. Formation of Adverbs • Adverbs are formed by adding ē to the base of a 1st or 2nd declension adjective (we only know 1st and 2nd declension adjectives at this point!). • How do you form the base of the adjective? Simply remove the –us ending from the 1st part of the adjective as given in the book.

  3. Future Tense 3rd Conjugation Verbs • Future tense for 3rd conjugation verbs is formed by adding ē to the present stem of the verb, and then the personal endings. REMEMBER – the ē will become a short e when the –t or –nt ending is added. • EXCEPTION – 1st person singular will end in –am.

  4. Future Tense3rd –io and 4th Conjugation Verbs • These 2 groups of verbs form future tense the same way as 3rd conjugation verbs. • NOTE: There is ONE difference. • There is an i at the end of the stem in every place of the conjugation, before the ē/e and the personal ending.

  5. The Imperfect Tense • Is formed the same way in ALL conjugations! • Formed by adding the –ba- “helping syllable” between the stem and the personal endings. (bam, bās, bat, bāmus, bātis, bant) • NOTE: 2nd conjugation has a ē stem vowel, so, of course, will have that before the –ba- helping syllable. 3rd and 4th conjugation verbs add a ē between stem and personal endings (-ēbam, ēbās, etc.)

  6. Interpreting Past Tense • Perfect Tense – amabo • Simple Past - I loved • Present perfect – I have loved • Emphatic past – I did love • Imperfect – amabam • Progressive past – I was loving • Customary past – I used to love, I would love • Repeated past – I kept on loving • Simple past will also work for imperfect

  7. The Passive Voice • The subject is being acted upon in this voice. • We previously only knew the active voice, which shows that the subject is doing the action. • Present, imperfect and future tenses of the passive voice are formed like the active voice, but they use a different set of endings.

  8. Passive Voice Endings -r -mur -ris -mini -tur -ntur

  9. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs • Transitive verbs have a direct object. The action of those verbs ‘transfers’ to the D.O. Ex: Equumamo. • Intransitive verbs do not have a D.O. Many intransitive verbs are followed by a prepositional phrase. Ex: In aquamambulo. For the most part, only transitive verbs work in the passive voice.

  10. Ablative of Agent • If the subject is being acted upon in a passive voice sentence, who is doing the ‘acting’? That would be the agent, shown by a noun with an ablative ending. The football is being thrown by the quarterback. Who is throwing the football? The quarterback is throwing the football (hey, that’s a sentence in the active voice!). Typically, the D.O. in an active voice sentence becomes the agent in a passive voice sentence.

  11. Ablatives! • LatinUseEnglish • No prep. Means by, with, by means of • Cum Accompaniment with • ā/ab Agent by

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