Bacteria, Protists , and Fungi

1. Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi 7th

2. Bacteria are very small unicellular organisms that do not contain organelles • This makes them prokaryotes • They have DNA, but it floats around the cell as a nucleoid

3. How do they get food? • Producers- anything that can make food • Some use the sun and photosynthesis • Others use different chemicals like sulfur to make food • Consumers- any organism that breaks down or relies on another living thing • Some bacteria are decomposers • Others help break down food in your large intestine • Other make you sick like strep throat

4. Do bacteria breath? • Some need oxygen to survive- they are call aerobic • Other can survive without oxygen- they are called anaerobic • Both are forms of respiration which is the break down of sugar into energy for the cell

5. Bacteria come in 3 main shapes- • all of which are very small compared to eukaryotes like plant and animal cells • Cocci- sphere • Spirilla- spiral • Bacilli- rod

6. 2 types of bacteria • Archaebacteria- live in harsh environments • Also called-extremophiles • Deep sea vents and sulfur ponds

7. Eubacteria- live everywhere else • they are larger in size compared to archaebacteria

8. Some bacteria are needed to survive • They live in your intestine and help break down nutrients • They can make antibiotics • Other are bad • They are called a pathogen- any organism that causes a disease • Tooth decay, strep throat, acne • are examples of hurtful bacteria

9. Vaccines and pasteurization • 2 helpful technologies that help get rid of bad bacteria • Vaccines produce antibodies that help fight off bad bacteria • Like for tetanus and whooping cough • Pasteurization is used to kill bacteria with heat, but not harm the flavor of food • It extends the lifetime a food is good for, without it, milk would only last a few days • Like milk and yogurt

10. Bacteria are found in all sorts of places • Helping decompose trash • Help get rid of sewage • Help make cheese and other foods • Help break down oil

11. They make life sustaining molecules • Nitrogen fixing bacteria are the only living organisms that can take nitrogen gas from the air, and turn it into useful molecules to make proteins and DNA. • Without bacteria, we would not be alive • We find these bacteria on many legume roots • Beans, peas, soy

12. Protist • Eukaryote organisms that are single or multicellular • They live in wet and moist environments • They would dry out if they were on land because they don’t have anyway of keeping water

13. Come in 3 types • Fungal like • Animal like • Plant like

14. Fungal like protists • Include organisms called: • Slime molds • Downy mildews • Water molds • They are all consumers and some are parasitic and will kill an organism • Live most of life as a single cell, then join together for reproduction

15. Slime mold

16. Downy Mildew

17. Water mold- caused potato famine in Ireland

18. Animal like protist • Protozoan- a one celled organism that lives in water and is a consumer or parasite • Some contain flagella other have cilia- this is how they are organized into groups

20. Paramecium

21. Amoeba- move by pseudopods- false foot

22. Malaria is caused by a protozoan called Plasmodium volvox • It is spread by mosquitos • Use nets to protect self • Kills more than 1,000,000 people a year

24. Giardia- is a flagellated protozoan that causes gastro intestinal problems • Get it from drinking bad water

25. Plant like protist- these are Algae's • Can be either single celled or multicellular • Single celled include: • Diatoms, Spirogyra, Volvox, and Euglena

27. Multicellular algae include • Green, red, and brown algae • These are the organisms that we see on the beech • They can make huge underwater forests of algae • They produce a majority of the oxygen in the world • Think about how large the ocean is and all the algae that lives in it

28. Green algae

29. Red algae-

30. Brown algae- Kelp

32. Fungi

33. Most fungi are multicellular eukaryotes • Some like yeast are single celled eukaryotes • All fungi are consumers with a cellwall • Some are saprophytes meaning they decompose and break down organisms for energy • Others are parasitic like athletes foot or ringworm which is caused by a fungal infection

34. Reproduction of fungi • They use spores to spread from place to place • Each spore contain the material needed to start a new fungus • They can reproduce by either sexual or asexual reproduction • asexual means that more spores are made and released • Sexual means that 2 different fungi join together

35. Structure • We actually see very little of a fungus • The majority of the body of the fungus is buried this is called the hyphae • When 2 hyphae join together sexual reproduction occurs and genetic material is combined • The hyphae also does the majority of the decomposing • They release enzymes which break down the material and then the fungi absorbs the nutrients

36. Types of Fungi • Use the reproductive structures to determine type along with other features • 3 major types of fungi

37. Club fungi • Get funky!! • They also include mushrooms, puffballs, and toadstools • In these organisms, spores are produced on gills on the underside of the mushroom cap.

38. Sac Fungi • Molds, morels, and truffles • Spores are produced in small sacs in the reproductive structure

39. Yeast- single celled fungi • Used to make bread • As it breaks down sugars it releases CO2 causing bubbles in the bread • Naturally occur in the body, but too much can cause sores

40. Zygospore fungi • Cause bread to go bad • The hyphae fuse together and form a reproductive structure called a sporangia • This then makes spores that are released.

41. Pros about fungi • Decompose dead organisms returning good nutrients to soil • Help plants get nutrients- form a mycorrhizae • This is a symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi, where the fungi gets food and the plant gets nutrients • Penicillin and other medicines can be made from fungi • Break down cell wall of bacteria • Help us make food like bread and cheese

42. Cons for fungi • Cause health issues if bad ones are ingested • Live on skin • Cause huge amounts of crops to be destroyed • Spoil food

43. Lichens • Cool little relationship between bacteria and fungi • Fungi break down nutrients • Cyanobacteria uses photosynthesis to make food • Both benefit • They are the first to live on newly formed rock that will help make soil for new bigger organisms.